Miscellaneous Information

Question 1

Transcortical aphasia can be sensory or motor. What is usually preserved in these patients? What is unique about transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 1

Verbatim repetition is preserved

Echolalia

Question 2

Lesion of ventromedial frontal lobe leads to _

Answer 2

Intelligence retained

Bad decisions are often made

Question 3

Lesions of the dorsolateral frontal lobe can be left or right. What are the findings?

Answer 3

Left - loss of intelligence, remain aware

Right - Loss of motivation / drive

Question 4

An UMN lesion of CN7 leads to _. What about an LMN (facial nerve)?

Answer 4

Contralateral lower face paresis

Total face paresis

Question 5

A defective RAPD is indicative of damage where? What is the finding?

Answer 5

The optic nerve.

Notice dialation in response to light

Question 6

The job of saccadic eye movement is _. What controls this?

Answer 6

Bring new objects into focus

FEF

Question 7

The job of vergence movement is _. What controls this?

Answer 7

Converge or diverge the eye

Occipito-mesencephalic gaze center

Question 8

The job of smooth pursuit systems is _. What controls this?

Answer 8

Follow an object already in sight

Parietal occipital gaze center

Question 9

Optic tract or Optic radiations result in _

Answer 9

Loss of contralateral side of vision

Question 10

What level to the pain and temp fibers cross?

Answer 10

Enter the SPC, descend then cross at the cervical-medullary junction

Question 11

A lateral medullary lesion would affect which major tract? WHat about a medial medullary lesion?

Answer 11

Spinothalamic

DCML

Question 12

What part of the brain stem would a single lesion cause loss of STT, DCML and trigem. sensory fibers?

Answer 12

Upper pons

Question 13

A stocking / glove distribution of burning / pain is consistent with _

Answer 13

A peripheral neuropathy

Question 14

Neglect of the left side of the body is consistent to damage to _

Answer 14

Right parietal lobe

Question 15

The inability to recognize the shape of an object in one’s hand is _. This is seen with damage to _

Answer 15

Asterognosia

Contralateral Parietal lobe

Question 16

Another name for syringomyelia is _. What are 2 findings?

Answer 16

Central Cord Syndrome

Loss of pain and temp in upper limbs, weakness / paresis in upper limbs

Question 17

Locked in syndrome results from damage where? What is damaged and what are the findings?

Answer 17

Large basal pontine syndrome.

Loss of corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers, inability to move

Question 18

Basal pontine syndrome results in _ (CN signs/body)

Answer 18

Ipsilateral CN signs in face

Contralateral UMN signs for body

Question 19

Pontine tegmentum syndrome results in _ (CN signs/body)

Answer 19

Ipsilateral CN sign in face

COntralateral sensory loss for body

Question 20

The cerebellum is supplied by 3 main arteries. What are they, what lobes do they supply?

Answer 20

SCA - Anterior lobe
PICA - Posterior lobe
AICA - Ventral anterior and posterior lobes, floconodular lobe

Question 21

In Parkinsons, you lose dopamine. How does this affect the direct and indirect pathways?

Answer 21

Loss of excitation of direct
Loss of inhibition of indirect
Net difficulty moving

Question 22

What happens to the direct / indirect pathway in chorea?

Answer 22

Loss of excitation to the indirect pathway, movement is disinhibited

Question 23

Differentiate between Weber’s and Benedikt’s syndromes

Answer 23

Weber - Occulomotor sign, Paralysis

Benedikts - Tremor, loss of sensation, occulomotor signs