Dementia Flashcards
Age is a major risk factor for _
Alzheimer’s
Normal aging is associated with mild changes in cognition. True or false. How do health co-morbidities affect aging?
True
Make aging less “graceful”
For the term dementia to be used, what criteria must be met?
Cognitive impairments must affect daily life
Depression is associated with dementia. true or false
True
Dementia is reversible. True or false?
True, but depends on the cause
The normal form of AD has high or low heritability?
Low. Early onset is higher
A major difference between neurosyphillis and AD is _
NS presents with fever
An age related, irreversible, gradual decline in thinking associated with breakdown of brain cells described _
AD
Under what circumstances would an invasive proceedure (needle biopsy) be used to test for dementia?
Fast progressive (CJ prion disease)
What are neurofibrilary tangles? Where are the found? What other diseases are they found in?
Tangle of phospho-Tau found within cytoplasm`
Normal aging, Downs Syndrome
What is the effect of neurofibrillary tangles?
Kill cells, leave ghost tangle
What are neuritic plaques?
Extracellular areas of tissue degeneration, filled with amyloid
Tangles and Plaques affect what areas of the brain (3)?
Cortex
Amygdala
Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
NFTs are most likely to be found in _
Anterior parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex)
Frontal assoc. cortex
Inferior parietal cortex
Lateral temporal lobe
Amyloid plaques are most likely to be found _
Through out cortex
In parietal and temporal lobe
Dementia severity is more associated with [NFT/AP]
NFT
Bilateral temporal-parietal glucose hypometabolism is assoc. with
AD
Regarding gyri and sulci, AD causes _
What is spared?
Larger sulci, smaller gyri
Precentral and post central gyri, visual cortex
Where within the entorhinal cortex are NFTs located? What is the effect?
Layer 2 and 4
Disconnects hippocampal formation from association and limbic cortex, blocks memory formation
APP, PS1 and PS2 are _
Genes associated with familial AD
APOE is _
A common genetic marker for non-familial senile AD disease
cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists are used to treat _
Mild and severe dementia, respectively
IVIG is though to function how?
It is an antibody against amyloid, so it should theoretically reduce its deposition
