Epilepsy Flashcards
The neurons thought to be responsible to the symptoms of epilepsy are _. Where are they located?
large pyramidal neurons
Layers 3 and 5
EEGs record the summation of what excitatory and inhibitory activity?
EPSCs and IPSCs
Excitatory EPSCs and Inhibitory IPSCs are mediated by which ions, respectively?
Sodium and Chloride
Information within the hippocampus flows from _ [dentate, parahippocampus, hippocampus, subiculum]
D-H-S-P
Within the hippocampa circuitry, the Dentate granule cell, the CA1 and CA3 neurons are similar because _
They each have an inhibitory interneurons (GABA-A receptors)
Thalamo-cortical inputs are inhibited by _ using what type of receptor? This leaves them “primed” for bursting
Intralaminar thalamic neurons
GABA -B
Alpha rhythms are characterist of _
The awake state
Vertex sharp waves are characteristic of _
N1 sleep stage
Sleep spindles, K-complexes, positive occipital sharp transients (POST) are characteristic of _
N2 sleep stage
Slow wave sleep is assoc. with _
N3
Low voltage EEG, no muscle tone, REMs and saw tooth wave are assoc. with _
REM stage
A focal slowing on the EEG is associated with _
Cortex dysfunction
A generalized slowing on the EEG is associated with _
Extracortical dysfunction e.g. Thalamus, RAS
Paroxsysmal activity is can be focal or generalized. It is indicative of _
Seizure activity
Interictal focal EEG refers to _
Non-seizure causing, focal depolarization of a group of neurons
2 general lassifications of seizures are general and partial. Absence and complex fall under which categories?
Absence - General
Complex - Partial
What is the dormant basket cell hypothesis? What can cause this? This is a model for _
That the dentate granule cell, the CA3 and CA1 neurons lose their inhibition. External injury
Complex seizure
What us the mossy fiber sprouting hypothesis? What can cause this? This is a model for _
The dentate granule cell, the CA3 and CA1 neurons sprout mossy fibers back on themselves, causing excitiation. External injury
Complex seizure
Concious but unaware, assymetical movement, aphasia are associated with what type of seizure?
Complex partial seizure
A hyperexcitable cotico-thalamic loop, and hyperventilation is associated with _. Is this usually genetic or acquired?
Absence seizure
Genetic
Which type of seizure is longer 30-120 seconds, vs 5-15
Complex partial seizure
Generalized 3hz spike waves is associated with _
Absence seizure
Focal, rhythmic sharp activity is associated with _
Complex seizures
To treat generalized seizures, you’d want to prevent the hyperpolarization of intralaminar thalamic neurons. This is accomplished with _
Calcium antagonists
