Miscellaneous Drugs Flashcards
macrolides - mechanism
50s ribosome
bacteriostatic
macrolides - side effects
GI intolerance
macrolides - not effective against:
enterococcus sp
staphylococcus sp
macrolides - excretion
renal
which macrolide interferes with P450
clarithromycin
which macrolide requires dose adjustment with low CrCl
clarithromycin
clindamycin - mechanism
50S ribosome
bacteriostatic
clidamycin - side effects
AAMPC
diarrhea
clindamycin - not effective against
enterococcus
synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin) - mechanism
binds 50S ribosome
BC and BS
synercid - side effects
arthralgias
inhibits cyp3A4
synercid reserved for:
MRSA, VRE
synercid - not effective against
enterococcus faecalis
what drugs in the miscellaneous category act on the ribosome?
macrolids (clarithromycin, azithromycin)
clindamycin
synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin)
linezolid
what drugs in the miscellaneous category act on the cytoplasmic membrane
polymyxin
daptomycin
what drugs in the miscellaneous category act on the cell wall
bacitracin
vancomycin
linezolid - mechanism
prevent formation of 70S ribosome - unique binding
BS/BC
linezolid - side effects
headaches
rashes
serotonin syndrome
linezolid - use:
reserved as drug of last resort
meningitis (70% CSF)
VRE, MRSA, MRSE
polymyxin B - mechanism
cation detergent
BC/BS
polymyxin B - side effects
nephrotoxicity if IV
polymyxin B - excretion
renal
dosage adjustment with impairment
bacitracin - mechanism
inhibits cell wall synthesis
BC
bacitracin - side effects
nephrotoxicity if IV
vancomycin - mechanism
inhibits cell wall syntheiss
BC
vancomycin - side effects
nephrotoxicity; increased with aminoglycosides
vancomycin - administration
IV, oral (poor absorption from GI)
never IM
vancomycin - used for:
usually reserved for MRSA, MRSE
vancomycin - not used for
gram negative, anaerobes, VRE
daptomycin - mechanism
depolarizes membrane - disrupts membrane potential, oxphos
BC
daptomycin - used in:
MRSA
VRE
daptomycin - side effects
constipation nausea headache
inactivated by calcium in surfactant (in lung)
daptomycin - excretion
renal
dosage adjustment required in impairment
daptomycin - not useful for
anaerobes, gram -
pneumonia
what drugs need dosage to be adjusted with renal impairment?
clarithryomycin
polymyxin
vancomycin
daptomycin
what drugs cause neuromuscular blockade (NPMR)
polymyxin
bacitracin
clindamycin
which drugs are poorly absorbed orally
vancomycin
synercid
polymyxinB
daptomycin
which miscellaneous drug is only given IV
synercid
which miscellaneous drugs are BS only?
macrolids (clarithrymycin, azithromycin)
clindamycin
which drugs distribute well to CNS
linezolid
bacitracin
vancomycin (with inflammed meninges)
nephrotoxicity a risk when given parenterally:
bacitracin
polymyxin
which drugs work against gram + aerobes
macrolides clindamycin synercid bacitracin vancomycin daptomycin
which drug works against gram - aerobes?
polymyxin
which drug works against anaerobes, + and -?
clindamycin
which drug is good for CAPs?
macrolides
- work against s pneumoniae, some gram - including h. influenzae, and bordetella sp
which drug is associated with increased incidence of c. diff colitis?
clindamycin
which drug is associated with serotonin syndrome when taken with SSRIs
linezoid
which drugs don’t work against enterococcus?
macrolides
clindamycin
E. facaelis resistant to synercid
which drugs dont work against s aureus?
macrolides
polymyxinB
which drugs are used against MRSA, VRE
linezolid
synercid
daptomycin
what drug is reserved to treat MRSA/MRSE
vancomycin
clindamycin also effective against MRSA/MSSA
poor oral absorption
VPSDB
very poor stomach duodenum bowel
renal impairment requries dose adjustment
DPVC
dialysis provokes value clarification
CNS penetration (goes to your head)
LBV
little bit vain
MRSA
CdV
CoulD be Vorse
MRSA and VRE=
last drug soluton
Nephrotoxicity
BP
British Petroleum
NPMR (neuromuscular blockage)
PBCd
Public Broad CDasting
