Miscellaneous

Question 1

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 1

reduced bone mineral density and increased porosity

Question 2

what are the 2 types of osteoporosis?

Answer 2

1. post menopausal

2. osteoporosis of old age

Question 3

osteoporosis can occur secondary to…?

Answer 3

corticosteroid use
alcohol abuse
malnutrition
CKD
malignancy
RA
Cushings

Question 4

investigations for osteoporosis?

Answer 4

DEXA scanning- measure of bone mineral density

serum calcium and phosphate -should be normal

Question 5

what can you take to help osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Vit D supplements

HRT- not recommended as first treatment

Question 6

what is Osteomalacia and Rickett’s?

Answer 6

abnormal softening of bone due to deficient mineralization of osteoid secondary to not enough calcium and phosporus

(rickett’s is the disease in children)

Question 7

signs/symptoms of Osteomalacia and Rickett’s?

Answer 7

bone pain (pelvis, spine )
deformities
get pathological fractures easily
muscle cramps
irritability
fatigue
seizures
brittle nails

Question 8

treatment for Osteomalacia and Rickett’s?

Answer 8

vit D supplements and calcium and phosphate

Question 9

what is paget’s disease?

Answer 9

chronic disorder resulting in thickened , brittle and mishapen bone

Question 10

what is sciatica?

Answer 10

any sort of buttock pain or leg pain not obviosuly coming from hip, knee or ankle

or

buttock and/or leg pain in specific dermatomal distribution accompanied by neurological disturbance

Question 11

is glycogen storage affected by steroids

Answer 11

yes