Elective Surgery

Question 1

what is elective surgery?

Answer 1

scheduled surgery involving treatment of “cold” or non emergency MSK conditions

Question 2

What is arthroplasty?

Answer 2

reshaping of a joint

Question 3

arthroplasty=?

Answer 3

joint replacement

Question 4

what is a hemiarthoplsty?

Answer 4

replacing half of a joint

Question 5

what are joint replacements made of?

Answer 5

stainless steel
cobalt chrome
titanium
titanium alloy
polyethylene 
ceramic

Question 6

what is a revision?

Answer 6

replacing the joint replacement when it fails

Question 7

name some serious complications of a joint replacement?

Answer 7

deep infection
recurrent dislocation
neurovascular injury
PE
MI
chest infection

Question 8

what is excision/resection arthroplasty?

Answer 8

the removal of bone and cartilage of one or both sides of joint

(very goof for smaller joints)

Question 9

what is arthrodesis?

Answer 9

surgical stiffening or fusion of a joint in a position or function.

The remaining hyaline cartilage and sunchondral bone is removed and the joint is stablaized resulting in bony union and fusion.

Question 10

what isnt so good about arthrodesis?

Answer 10

function may be limited (particularly in large joints) and may increase pressure in surrounding joints leading to arthritic changes

Question 11

what part of the body is arthrodesis really good for?

Answer 11

ankle (late stage arthritis)
wirst
first MTP of foot

Question 12

what is osteotomy?

Answer 12

surgical realignment of a bone

Question 13

what is osteotomy used for?

Answer 13

deformity correction

to redistribute load across an arthritis joint

Question 14

what is debridement?

Answer 14

removal of diseased tissue e.g meniscus

Question 15

same some surgical strategies for instability?

Answer 15

ligament tightening/advancement
ligament reconstruction using tendon graft
soft tissue reattatchment

Question 16

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 16

when the median nerve gets trapped at the wrist

Question 17

how do you fix carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 17

nerve decompression

Question 18

what is osteomyelitis?

Answer 18

infection of bone

Question 19

how can bone get infected?

Answer 19

penetrating trauma
surgery
spread from another infection elsewhere

Question 20

what is a sequestrum?

Answer 20

a dead fragment of bone

Question 21

who is most likely to get acute osteomyelitis?

Answer 21

children or immunocompromised adults

Question 22

what is a brodie’s abscess?

Answer 22

bone walls off abscess with a thin rim of sclerotic bone

Question 23

when does chronic osteomyelitis develop?

Answer 23

from untreated acute osteomyelitis

Question 24

What organism causes osteomyelitis in newborns?

Answer 24

S.aureus
Enterobacter sp.
group A + Bstrep

Question 25

What organism causes osteomyelitis in children?

Answer 25

S.aureus
H.influenzae
group A strep
Enterobacter

Question 26

What organism causes osteomyelitis children/adolscents (age 4 upwards)

Answer 26

S.aureus
H.influenzae
group A strep
Enterobacter

Question 27

What organism causes osteomyelitis in adults?

Answer 27

S.aureus mainly

sometimes enterobacter

Question 28

What organism causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?

Answer 28

s.aureus mainly!

Question 29

how is osteomyelitis treated?

Answer 29

acute-bets guess antibiotics unless abscess which needs surgical drainage

Question 30

who is at risk of developing osteomyelitis of the spine?

Answer 30

poorly controlled diabetics
iv drug abusers
immunocompromised people

Question 31

what tests do you want to do for osteomyelitis?

Answer 31

MRI-delinated extent of infection and abscess formation

blood culture-causative organisim