Elective Surgery Flashcards
what is elective surgery?
scheduled surgery involving treatment of “cold” or non emergency MSK conditions
What is arthroplasty?
reshaping of a joint
arthroplasty=?
joint replacement
what is a hemiarthoplsty?
replacing half of a joint
what are joint replacements made of?
stainless steel cobalt chrome titanium titanium alloy polyethylene ceramic
what is a revision?
replacing the joint replacement when it fails
name some serious complications of a joint replacement?
deep infection recurrent dislocation neurovascular injury PE MI chest infection
what is excision/resection arthroplasty?
the removal of bone and cartilage of one or both sides of joint
(very goof for smaller joints)
what is arthrodesis?
surgical stiffening or fusion of a joint in a position or function.
The remaining hyaline cartilage and sunchondral bone is removed and the joint is stablaized resulting in bony union and fusion.
what isnt so good about arthrodesis?
function may be limited (particularly in large joints) and may increase pressure in surrounding joints leading to arthritic changes
what part of the body is arthrodesis really good for?
ankle (late stage arthritis)
wirst
first MTP of foot
what is osteotomy?
surgical realignment of a bone
what is osteotomy used for?
deformity correction
to redistribute load across an arthritis joint
what is debridement?
removal of diseased tissue e.g meniscus
same some surgical strategies for instability?
ligament tightening/advancement
ligament reconstruction using tendon graft
soft tissue reattatchment
what is carpal tunnel syndrome?
when the median nerve gets trapped at the wrist
how do you fix carpal tunnel syndrome?
nerve decompression
what is osteomyelitis?
infection of bone
how can bone get infected?
penetrating trauma
surgery
spread from another infection elsewhere
what is a sequestrum?
a dead fragment of bone
who is most likely to get acute osteomyelitis?
children or immunocompromised adults
what is a brodie’s abscess?
bone walls off abscess with a thin rim of sclerotic bone
when does chronic osteomyelitis develop?
from untreated acute osteomyelitis
What organism causes osteomyelitis in newborns?
S.aureus
Enterobacter sp.
group A + Bstrep
What organism causes osteomyelitis in children?
S.aureus
H.influenzae
group A strep
Enterobacter
What organism causes osteomyelitis children/adolscents (age 4 upwards)
S.aureus
H.influenzae
group A strep
Enterobacter
What organism causes osteomyelitis in adults?
S.aureus mainly
sometimes enterobacter
What organism causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?
s.aureus mainly!
how is osteomyelitis treated?
acute-bets guess antibiotics unless abscess which needs surgical drainage
who is at risk of developing osteomyelitis of the spine?
poorly controlled diabetics
iv drug abusers
immunocompromised people
what tests do you want to do for osteomyelitis?
MRI-delinated extent of infection and abscess formation
blood culture-causative organisim
