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MSK > General Trauma > Flashcards

General Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

what does the primary survey consist of?

A

ABCDE

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2
Q

when do you know if airway is clear?

A

they can speak

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3
Q

what does Glasgow coma scale of 8 or less imply?

A

loss of airway control

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4
Q

what should all trauma patient receive?

A

high flow oxygen (15L/min) with tight fitting mask

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5
Q

how do you assess circulation and perfusion?

A

pulse rate and blood pressure

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6
Q

what is the minimum accepted urine output?

A

30ml/hr

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7
Q

how many people are needed for a log roll?

A

4

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8
Q

what is the secondary examination?

A

head to toe examination to detect other injuries. a more thorough history of the injury can be done at this stage

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9
Q

what is polytrauma?

A

where more than one major long bone is injured

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10
Q

what is SIRS?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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11
Q

when does SIRS occur?

A

when there is an amplification in the inflammatory cascade in response to trauma

with pyrexia,tachycardia, tachypnoea and leukocytosis

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12
Q

what is ARDS?

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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13
Q

what is MODS?

A

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

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14
Q

what is a fracture?

A

a break in a bone

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15
Q

name the 2 types of fracture?

A

partial

complete

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16
Q

what can cause fractures?

A

direct trauma

indirect trauma

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17
Q

name the 4 steps in fracture healing?

A
  1. inflammation
  2. soft callus
  3. hard callus
  4. remodelling
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18
Q

what is a transverse fracture?

A

occur with a pure bending force where the cortex on one side fails in compression and the cortex on the other side fails in tension

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19
Q

what causes an oblique fracture?

A

occurs with a shearing force (fall from a height)

can be fixed with an interfragmnetary screw

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20
Q

what causes a spiral fracture?

A

due to torsional forces

can be fixed with an interfragmentary screw

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21
Q

what is a fracture with 3 or more fragments?

A

comminuted fractures

22
Q

what is a segmental fracture?

A

a fracture which is in 2 separate pieces

23
Q

how do you describe a fracture at the end of a long bone?

A

intra-articular
or
extra-articluar

24
Q

what does the position of a fracture depend on?

A

the displacement and angulation

25
Q

what is displacement?

A

the direction of translation of the distal fragment

26
Q

what is angulation?

A

the direction which the distal fragment points toward and the degree of its deformity

(medial/lateral or anterior/posterior)

27
Q

clinical signs of a fracture?

A

localised bony tenderness
swelling
deformity
crepitus

28
Q

what do you look at for the assessment of a fracture?

A

is it open or closed?
check neurovascular status- check pulses, cap refill, temp, colour, sensation, motor power)
compartment syndrome
status of skin and soft tissue envelope

29
Q

what investigations would you do for a fracture?

A 
x ray
tomogram-moving xray for complex bones
CT
MRI-occult fractures
Technetium bone scans
30
Q

what is the initial management of a long bone fracture?

A

splintage or immobilization

31
Q

name some early complications of farctures?

A

compartment syndrome
vascular injury
nerve compression injury
skin necrosis

32
Q

what is the main late systemic complication of fractures?

A

PE

33
Q

signs/symptoms of fracture rehealing

A

resolution of pain and function
absence of point tenderness
no local oedema
resolution of movement at fracture site

34
Q

signs of non-union

A

ongoing pain
ongoing oedema
movement at fracture site

35
Q

what is one of the slowest healing bones in the body?

A

tibia

36
Q

what can result from delayed union/

A

infection

37
Q

what is the initial management of an open fracture (in A&E)?

A

IV broad spectrum antibiotics

sterile/ antiseptic soaked dressing applied to wound

38
Q

what is mainstay of treatment for soft tissue injury?

A

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation to reduce initial swelling followed by early movement to prevent stiffness

39
Q 
acute onset 
severe pain
red hot
tender joint
severe pain on movement
A

septic arthritis

40
Q

most common bug for septic arthritis in adults?

A

S.aureus

41
Q

what bug causes septic arthritis in the IV drug abusers, the elderly and seriosuly ill?

A

e.coli

42
Q

what bug causes septic arthritis in children?

A

H. influenzae

43
Q

investigation for septic arthritis?

A

aseptic aspiration

44
Q

treatment for septic arthritis?

A

surgical wash out

45
Q

what is the min score on glasgow coma scale?

A

3

46
Q

what nerve is in danger after a colles fracture

A

median nerve

47
Q

what nerve is in danger with anterior dislocation of shouker

A

axillary nerve

48
Q

what nerve is in danger after humeral shaft fracture

A

radial nerve

49
Q

what nerve is in danger after supracondylar fracture of elbow

A

median nerve

50
Q

what nerve is in danger with posterior dislocation of hip

A

sciatic nerve

51
Q

what nerve is in danger after bumper injury to the knee

A

common peroneal nerve

MSK (15 decks)

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