Ankle and Foot Flashcards
what are the 2 surgical options for significant pain from advanced ankle OA?
ankle replacement
arthrodesis
what is hallux valgus?
big toe moves out
medial deviation of 1st metatarsal causing lateral deviation of the toe
what is a bunion?
inflamed bursa over the medial 1st metatarsal
what is the conservative treatment for hallux valgus?
wear more accomodating shoes
use a spacer between big toe and second tow to prevent rubbing and ulceration
what is the surgical management for hallux valgus?
osteotomies to realign the bones and soft tissue
what is hallux rigidus?
OA of first metatarsophalangeal joint
gold standard surgical treatment for hallux rigidus?
arthrodesis
what is the conservative treatment for hallux rigidus?
wearing stiff soled shoes to limit motion of MTPJ
what is morton’s neuroma?
irritated plantar interdigital nerves. they become swollen and inflamed
what can high heels cause?
morton’s neuroma
hallux valgus
where do metatarsal stress fractures occur?
most common =2nd then 3rd metatarsal
how long will it take for a metatarsal stress fracture to heal by itself?
6-12 weeks
what can cause achilles tendonitis?
repetitive strain (from sports)
RA
antibiotics (Quinolone)
treatment for achilles tendonitis?
rest
physio
heel raise to offload tendon
resistant tendons might benefit from decompression
what should you NOT give for achilles tendonitis?
steroid injection
what is plantar fasciitis?
inflammation of plantar fascia
FUCKING BLOODY PAINFUL
causes of plantar fasciitis?
poor cushioning in shoes
obesity
diabetes
walking /running on hard stuff
signs/symptoms of plantar fasciitis?
FUCKING BLOODY PAINFUL
pain with walking
worse first thing in morning/last thing at night
stiffness
localized pain
treatment for plantar fasciitis?
rest
stretching exercises
heal pads
steroid injection may help but risk injury to nerves
what is pes planus?
flat foot
what is pes cavus?
abnormally high arch of foot- often related to neuromuscular conditions
often accompanied by claw toes
why do claw and hammer toes arise?
imbalance between the flexor and extensor tendons
hyperextension at MTPJ with hyperflexion at PIPJ and DIP
claw toe
