Miscellaneous

Question 1

distribution

Answer 1

transportation of drug to site of action by body fluids

affected by circulation, permeability of cell membrane, plasma protein binding

Question 2

Components of valid prescription

Answer 2

1. Pt name
2. date and time of Rx
3. medication name
4. dosage and strength
5. route of administration
6. time/frequency of administration
7. quantity to dispense and number of refills
8. prescribers signature

Question 3

partial agonist

Answer 3

aka agonist-antagonist

have limited affinity for receptor sites

act as agonist at certain receptors and antagonist at others

Question 4

excretion

Answer 4

removal of meds from body

usually through kidneys

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

aka biotransformation

enzymes change meds into less active or inactive forms

primarily occurs in liver

rate of metabolism impacted by age, increases in enzymes, first-pass effect, similar metabolic pathways, nutrional status

Question 6

antagonist

Answer 6

blocks receptors and prevents endogenous compounds or other meds from activating receptor

Question 7

agonist

Answer 7

med binds to receptor to mimic endogenous compounds

Question 8

half-life

Answer 8

affected by liver and kidney function

usually takes 4 half-lives to achieve steady blood concentration and to excrete drug (94%)

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

how drugs move through the body

what the body does to the med

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 10

absorption

Answer 10

how meds get from location of administration to bloodstream

rate of absorption determines how soon med takes effect

amount of med absorbed determines intensity of effect

route of administration affects rate and amount of absorption

Question 11

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

interaction between med and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce effects

what the med does to the body

Question 12

theraputic index (TI)

Answer 12

meds with high TI have wide safety margin

meds with low TI have narrow theraputic range

Question 13

Gram positive organisms (genera)

Answer 13

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Bacillus
Clostridium
Listeria
Corynebacterium

Question 14

Gram negative organisms

Answer 14

Escherichia coli
Proteus mirabilis
Enterobacter cloacae
Serratia marcescens
Helicobacter pylori
Shigella
Vibrio
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella typhi
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Leigonella pneumophila