Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCC RN > Meds COPY > Flashcards

Meds COPY Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)

A

hypotonic solution
fluid shifts from plasma into cells
154 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

A

isotonic solution
expands extracellular fluid volume without causing fluid shift
308 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

10% dextrose in water (D10W)

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
505 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

A

Class: anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic

Indication: ischemic stroke, prevention and treatment of MI, angina, PAD, Inflammatory disorders, pain

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to aspirin

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment

Notes: inhibits platelet aggregation; irreversibly changes platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

20% dextrose in water (D20W)

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
660 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3% sodium chloride

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
1030 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5% dextrose in water (D5W)

A

hypotonic solution
fluid shifts from plasma into cells
252 mOsm/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

abciximab

A

ReoPro

glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet)

inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets

used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

acarbose

A

Precose

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, antidiabetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acetaminophen

A

Brands: Tylenol, Infant’s Feverall, Acephen; Ofirmev (IV)

Class: non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic

Action: inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, primarily in CNS; no anti-inflammatory properties

Contraindications: severe hepatic impairment or acute liver disease

SE/ADRs: hepatotoxicity, jaundice, elevated LFTs

Notes: do not exceed 4g/day; antidote is acetylcysteine (Acetadote)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alprazolam

A

Xanax

benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

altepase

A

tPA

tissue plasminogen activator

thrombolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

amlodipine

A

Norvasc

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

apixaban

A

Brand: Eliquis

Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor

Indication: treat and prevent DVT,PE, and A-fib

Notes: standard dose with less frequent lab draws, less RF bleeding, quick onset; no safe reversal agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

A

Types: aspirin, ibuprofen

Class: antiplatelet

Indications: ischemic stroke, stable/unstable angina, Tx and prevention of myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment, ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aspirin

acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

A

Class: anti-platelet, antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic; salicylate

Indication: ischemic stroke, MI treatment and prevention, angina, PAD, inflammatory disorders (RA, OA), fever, mild to moderate pain

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment, ototoxicity, salicylism (N/V, tinnitus)

Notes: inhibits platelet aggregation; irreversibly changes platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atenolol

A

Tenormin

cardio-selective beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bumetanide

A

Bumex

Loop diruetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

buspirone

A

BuSpar

atypical anxiolytic/non-barbiturate anxiolytic

Action: initial response takes 1 week, 2-4 weeks for full effects (not PRN med); no sedation, does not potentiate other CNS depressants, very small risk of dependency

SE/ADRs: dizziness, nausea, headache, lightheadedness, agitation, constipation, suicidal ideation

Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, MAOIs

Interactions: erythromycin, ketoconazole, St. John’s wort, grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

candesartan

A

Atacand

angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

captopril

A

Capoten

ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carvedilol

A

Coreg

cardio nonselective beta and alpha recptor blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

Librium

benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clonazepam

A

Klonopin

benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

clonidine

A

Brands: Catapres, Kapvay, Duraclon

Class: alpha II adrenergic agonist, centrally acting adrenergic

Indications: hypertension, ADHD, management of cancer pain, neuropathic pain, opioid withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

clopidogrel

A

Brand: Plavix

Class: antiplatelet, platelet aggregation inhibitor

Route: PO

Indication: ischemic stroke, MI, PAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

clorazepate

A

Tranxene

benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

dabigatran

A

Brand: Pradaxa

Class: anticoagulant; direct thrombin inhibitor

SE/ADRs: bleeding, increased RF GI bleeding, GI disturbances

Notes: antidote is dialysis; no reversal agent; med stays in system about 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dantrolene

A

Brand: Dantrium, Revonto, Ryanodex

Class: skeletal muscle relaxant (direct acting)

Route: PO, IV

Indication: prophylaxis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia; treatment of spasticity associated with SCI, STK, MS, CP (PO); management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (unlabeled)

Contraindications: lactation

SE/ADRs: flushing, diarrhea, muscle weakness, drowsiness, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

diazepam

A

Diastat

benzodiazepine

IV use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

digoxin

A

Brand: Lanoxin

Class: inotrpoic med

Route: PO, IV

Indications: chronic HF in sinus rythm, a-fib, symptomatic HF

Action: increases heart contractility thereby increasing CO; reduces HR; inhibits sympathetic activity

Notes: narrow tx window; digoxin and K+ have inverse relationship and bind to same cell receptors; hypokalemia increases RF digoxin toxicity (sx: abd pain, anorexia, n + v, visual disturbances, bradycardia); frequent monitoring of digoxin and potassium levels; use cautiously in pts on diuretic tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

diltiazem

A

Cardizem

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle (arterioles) and cadiac conduction)

antiangianl, anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

enalapril

A

Vasotec

ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

enoxaparin

A

Brand: Lovenox

Class: anticoagulant; low-molecular weight heparin

Route: subcut

Indication: Tx and prevent DVT/PE

SEs/ADRs: hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT; Sx of thrombosis with 50% or more decrease in platelets or thrombocytopenia)

Notes: antidote is protamine sulfate (1 mg inactivates 100 units lmwh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

eptifibatide

A

Integrelin

glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet)

inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets

used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

exenatide

A

Byetta

incretin mimetic, antidiabetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

flumazenil

A

Romazicon

GABA receptor antagonist

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

fondaparinux

A

Brand: Arixtra

Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor

Route: subcut

Indication: PE/DVT treatment and prevention

Notes: usually used when pt allergic to heparin; fixed dose, therefore less lab testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix

loop diurectic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

glimepiride

A

Amaryl

Sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

glipizide

A

Glucotrol

sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

glyburide

A

DiaBeta

sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant

  • monitor aPTT (IV), platelets and H&H (subcut)
  • starts and stops working quickly
  • Indications: Tx and prevent DVT/PE
  • Contraindications: surgeries/invasive procedures, brain/eye/spinal cord injuries
  • ADRs: hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
  • HIT: Sx of thrombosis and 50% or more platelet reduction from baseline
  • antidote is protamine sulfate (1 mg inactivates 100 units heparin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hydralazine

A

Apresoline

vasodilator

acts on arterioles

46
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

Hydrodiuril, Microzide, Oretic

thiazide diuretic

1st line for HTN

47
Q

hydrocodone

A

Brand: Hysingla

Class: opioid analgesic, antitussive; schedule II

Route: PO, PO-ER

48
Q

hydrocodone-acetaminophen

A

Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Norco

49
Q

hydromorphone

A

Brand: Dilaudid

Class: opioid agonist, antitussive

Routes: PO (IR and ER), IV, IM, PR, subcut

Notes: controlled substance schedule II

50
Q

ibuprofen

A

Brands: Motrin, Advil

Class: NSAID, antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic, anti-rheumatic

Route: PO, IV

Indication: for mild pain

SE/ADRs: gastric upset, GI bleeding, gastric ulcer, HF, MI, STK, hepatits,

51
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, isophane insulin

(Humulin N, Novolin N)

onset: 1-3 hours
peak: 8 hours
duration: 12-16 hours

*cloudy*

52
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

Isordil

vasodilator

53
Q

isosorbide mononitrate

A

Imdur

vasodilator

54
Q

ketorolac

A

Brand: Toradol, Sprix

Class: NSAID, non-opioid analgesic

Route: IV, IM, PO, IN

Indication: short-term management for moderate to severe pain, not to exceed 5 days total for all routes combined

Notes: analgesic effect as strong as morphine w/o respiratory depression

55
Q

labetolol

A

Trandate

non-cardio-selective beta blocker

56
Q

lactated ringers/ringers lactate (LR/RL)

A

isotonic solution
expands extracellular fluid volume without causing fluid shift
254 mOsm/L

aka Hartmann’s solution

contains sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water

57
Q

liraglutide

A

Victoza

incretin mimetic, antidiabetic

58
Q

lisinopril

A

Prinivil, Zestril

ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor

59
Q

long acting insulin

A

insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levemir)

onset: 1 hour
peak: none
duration: 20-26 hours

DO NOT MIX C/ OTHER INSULINS

60
Q

lorazepam

A

Ativan

benzodiazepine

IV use

61
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar

angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor

62
Q

lovastatin

A

Mevacor

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

63
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

indication: treat or prevent hypomagnesemia

SE/ADRs: hypermagnesemia, cardiac dysrythmias, respiratory depression

MUST be given via infusion pump

64
Q

metformin

A

Brand: Glucophage

Class: antidiabetic, biguanide

Route: PO

Indications: Tx and prevent type 2 diabetes (first-lineTx), gestational diabetes

Contraindications: renal failure, alcohol, cimetidine, iodinated radiocontrast media

SEs/ADRs: lactic acidosis (extreme fatigue, hyperventilation), GI issues (diarrhea, anorexia)

Notes: not metabolized, excreted unchanged by kidneys; hold 48 hours a/ procedure c/ contrast dye, resume 48 hours p/ procedure; usually d/c for inpatient; monitor BUN and Cr (renal failure can lead to toxic levels)

Mechanism of Action: inhibits glucose production by liver, synthesizes insulin receptors in fat and skeletal muscle; slighlty decreases glucose absorption in gut

65
Q

metformin with glyburide

A

Glucovance

66
Q

methyldopa

A

Aldomet

alpha II adrenergic agonist

67
Q

metoclopramide

A

Brand: Reglan, Gemoti

Class: anti-emetic

Action: blocks dopamine receptors in CNS, stimulates motility in upper GI tract, accelerates gastric emptying

Indications: N/V, GERD, diabetic gastroparesis, facilitation of small bowel intubation during radiographic procedures, hiccups

SE/ADRs: drowsiness, dysguesia, extrapyramidal reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, restlessness

68
Q

metoprolol

A

Lopressor, Toprol

cardio-selective beta blocker

69
Q

miglitol

A

Glyset

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, antidiabetic

70
Q

morphine

A

Class: opioid agonist

Indications: analgesia for severe pain

Routes: IV, IM, PO, PO-ER, subcut, PR, IT, epidural

Notes: controlled substance schedule II

71
Q

naloxone

A

Brand: Narcan, Kloxxado

Class: opioid antagonist, antidote

Action: competitively blocks the effects of opioids, including CNS and respiratory depression, without producing any agonist/opioid-like effects

Routes: IV, IM, subcut, intranasal

SE/ADRs: withdrawal symptoms in dependent pt, loss of analgesic effect, ventricular arrhythmias

Notes: effects seen almost immediately, potency lasts 30-90 minutes; short half-life necessitates multiple doses

72
Q

nateglinide

A

Starlix

meglitinide, antidiabetic

73
Q

nicardipine

A

Cardene

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)

74
Q

nifedipine

A

Procardia

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)

75
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Nitro

vasodilator

acts on veins

76
Q

clopidogrel

A

Brands: Plavix

Class: antiplatelet

Indications: ischemic stroke, MI, PAD

Notes: can be cost-prohibitive

77
Q

ofirmev

A

IV acetaminophen

78
Q

ondansetron

A

Brand: Zofran

Class: anti-emetic, 5-HT3 antagonist

Action: blocks effects of serotonin in vagal nerve terminals and CTZ in CNS

SE/ADRs: torsades de pointes, constipation, diarrhea, serotonin syndrome, headache, stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Notes: most frequently prescribed antiemetic

79
Q

oxazepam

A

Serax

benzodiazepine

80
Q

oxycodone

A

Brand: Oxycontin, Oxaydo, Roxicodone, Xtampza ER

Class: opioid agonist; schedule II

Routes: PO, PO-ER

81
Q

oxycodone-acetaminophen

A

Percocet, Oxycet

82
Q

patiromer

A

Veltassa

cationic exchange resin

electrolyte modifier, hypokalemic

PO

Indication: hyperkalemic

83
Q

pioglitazone

A

Actos

thiazolidinedione, antidiabetic

84
Q

potassium chloride

A

brand: K-dur (PO)

given IV or PO, NEVER subcut or IM

indications: hypokalemia

SE/ADRs: cardiac dysrythmias, hyperkalemia

NEVER given IV push

MUST be given via infusion pump

ALWAYS diluted (10 mEq/ 100 mL)

NEVER given faster than 10 mEq/hr

MAX dose is 40 mEq in 4 hours

85
Q

pramlintide

A

Symlin

amylin mimetic, antidiabetic

86
Q

prochlorperazine

A

Brand: Compazine, Compro

Class: anti-emetic, antipsychotic, phenothiazines

Action: alters effect of dopamine in CNS; anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity; depresses chemoreceptor trigger zone in CNS

SE/ADRs: blurred vision, constipation, dry eyes, dry mouth, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

87
Q

promethazine

A

Brand: Phenergan

Class: antiemetic, antihistamine, sedative/hypnotic

Indications: treatment and prevention of nausea/vomiting, preop sedation, adjunct to anasthesia/analagesia, tx of allergic conditions, tx of motion sickness

Contraindications: comatose pt, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, angle-closure glaucoma

SE/ADRs: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, confusion, disorientation, sedation

88
Q

propranolol

A

Inderal

non-cardio-selective beta blocker

89
Q

protamine sulfate

A

antidote to heparin and enoxaparin

1 mg inactivates 100 units

90
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

insulin aspart (Novolog), insulin lispro (Humalog)

onset: 15 min
peak: 30-90 min
duration: 3-5 hours

prefered insulin for sliding scale coverage

91
Q

repaglinide

A

Prandin

meglitinide, antidiabetic

92
Q

reteplase

A

Retavase

tissue plasminogen activator

thrombolytic

93
Q

rivaroxaban

A

Brand: Xarelto

Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor

Route: PO

Indication: treat and prevent DVT, PE, and A-fib

Notes: quick onset, fixed dose, less RF bleeding, and fewer labs; med stays in system about 12 hours; no reversal agent

94
Q

rosiglitazone

A

Avandia

thiazolidinedione, antidiabetic

95
Q

rosuvastatin

A

Crestor

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

96
Q

saxagliptin

A

Onglyza

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, antidiabetic

97
Q

short acting insulin

A

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)

onset: 30-60 min
peak: 2-4 hours
duration: 5-8 hours

can use sliding scale

the ONLY insulin given IV

98
Q

simvastatin

A

Zocor

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

99
Q

sitagliptin

A

Januvia

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, antidiabetic

100
Q

sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A

brand name: Kayexalate

indications: hyperkalemia

SE/ADRs: new cardiac dysrythmia, hypokalemia, intestinal necrosis

should cause at least two loose bowel movements per day

101
Q

spironolactone

A

Aldactone

aldosterone receptor antagonist (potassium-sparing diuretic); antimineralocorticoid

102
Q

tenectaplase

A

TNK, TNKase

tissue plasminogen activator

thrombolytic

103
Q

ticagrelor

A

Brilinta

antiplatelet

SE/ADRs: dyspnea, bleeding, increased uric acid levels

104
Q

tirofiban

A

Aggrastat

glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet)

inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets

used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization

105
Q

torsemide

A

Demadex

loop diuretic

106
Q

valsartan

A

Diovan

angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor

107
Q

verapamil

A

Calan

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle (arterioles) and cadiac conduction)

anti-anginal, anti-arrhythmic, antihypertensive, vascular headache suppressant

108
Q

warfarin

A

Brand: Coumadin

Class: Anticoagulant

Route: PO

Indication: Tx and prevent DVT/PE and A-fib

SE/ADRs: bleeding, hemorrhage

Notes: reversal agent is vitamin K (diet needs consistent amounts); requires frequent blood draws (monitor PT-INR), takes 2-4 days to start working and at least 1 week to stop working (hold 1-2 weeks before surgeries/procedures)

109
Q

aspirin

A

AKA: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

Class: anti-platelet, anti-pyretic, non-opioid analgesic, 1st generation NSAID, salicylate

Indications: inflammation, mild to moderate pain, prophylaxis of TIAs and MI, suspected acute MI

Contraindications: bleeding disorders, children under 19 years (Reye’s syndrome)

Notes: prolongs bleeding time 4-7 days; large doses may prolong PT time; avoid

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulcer, ototoxicity, GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity

110
Q

cefazolin

A

Ancef

1st generation cephalosporin

111
Q

ceftriaxone

A

Rocephin

3rd generation cephalosporin

112
Q

cephalexin

A

Keflex

1st generation cephalosporin

SCC RN (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions