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Meds COPY Flashcards

1
Q

0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)

A

hypotonic solution
fluid shifts from plasma into cells
154 mOsm/L

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2
Q

0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

A

isotonic solution
expands extracellular fluid volume without causing fluid shift
308 mOsm/L

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3
Q

10% dextrose in water (D10W)

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
505 mOsm/L

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4
Q

1st generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

A

Class: anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic

Indication: ischemic stroke, prevention and treatment of MI, angina, PAD, Inflammatory disorders, pain

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to aspirin

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment

Notes: inhibits platelet aggregation; irreversibly changes platelets

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5
Q

20% dextrose in water (D20W)

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
660 mOsm/L

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6
Q

3% sodium chloride

A

hypertonic solution
fluid shifts from intracellular and interstitial space into plasma
1030 mOsm/L

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7
Q

5% dextrose in water (D5W)

A

hypotonic solution
fluid shifts from plasma into cells
252 mOsm/L

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8
Q

abciximab

A

ReoPro

glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet)

inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets

used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization

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9
Q

acarbose

A

Precose

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, antidiabetic

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10
Q

acetaminophen

A

Brands: Tylenol, Infant’s Feverall, Acephen; Ofirmev (IV)

Class: non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic

Action: inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, primarily in CNS; no anti-inflammatory properties

Contraindications: severe hepatic impairment or acute liver disease

SE/ADRs: hepatotoxicity, jaundice, elevated LFTs

Notes: do not exceed 4g/day; antidote is acetylcysteine (Acetadote)

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11
Q

alprazolam

A

Xanax

benzodiazepine

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12
Q

altepase

A

tPA

tissue plasminogen activator

thrombolytic

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13
Q

amlodipine

A

Norvasc

calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)

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14
Q

apixaban

A

Brand: Eliquis

Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor

Indication: treat and prevent DVT,PE, and A-fib

Notes: standard dose with less frequent lab draws, less RF bleeding, quick onset; no safe reversal agent

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15
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

A

Types: aspirin, ibuprofen

Class: antiplatelet

Indications: ischemic stroke, stable/unstable angina, Tx and prevention of myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment, ototoxicity

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16
Q

aspirin

acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

A

Class: anti-platelet, antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic; salicylate

Indication: ischemic stroke, MI treatment and prevention, angina, PAD, inflammatory disorders (RA, OA), fever, mild to moderate pain

SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulceration, renal impairment, ototoxicity, salicylism (N/V, tinnitus)

Notes: inhibits platelet aggregation; irreversibly changes platelets

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17
Q

atenolol

A

Tenormin

cardio-selective beta blocker

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18
Q

atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

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19
Q

bumetanide

A

Bumex

Loop diruetic

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20
Q

buspirone

A

BuSpar

atypical anxiolytic/non-barbiturate anxiolytic

Action: initial response takes 1 week, 2-4 weeks for full effects (not PRN med); no sedation, does not potentiate other CNS depressants, very small risk of dependency

SE/ADRs: dizziness, nausea, headache, lightheadedness, agitation, constipation, suicidal ideation

Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, MAOIs

Interactions: erythromycin, ketoconazole, St. John’s wort, grapefruit juice

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21
Q

candesartan

A

Atacand

angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor

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22
Q

captopril

A

Capoten

ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor

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23
Q

carvedilol

A

Coreg

cardio nonselective beta and alpha recptor blocker

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24
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

Librium

benzodiazepine

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25
clonazepam
Klonopin benzodiazepine
26
clonidine
Brands: Catapres, Kapvay, Duraclon Class: alpha II adrenergic agonist, centrally acting adrenergic Indications: hypertension, ADHD, management of cancer pain, neuropathic pain, opioid withdrawal
27
clopidogrel
Brand: Plavix Class: antiplatelet, platelet aggregation inhibitor Route: PO Indication: ischemic stroke, MI, PAD
28
clorazepate
Tranxene benzodiazepine
29
dabigatran
Brand: Pradaxa Class: anticoagulant; direct thrombin inhibitor SE/ADRs: bleeding, increased RF GI bleeding, GI disturbances Notes: antidote is dialysis; no reversal agent; med stays in system about 12 hours
30
dantrolene
Brand: Dantrium, Revonto, Ryanodex Class: skeletal muscle relaxant (direct acting) Route: PO, IV Indication: prophylaxis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia; treatment of spasticity associated with SCI, STK, MS, CP (PO); management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (unlabeled) Contraindications: lactation SE/ADRs: flushing, diarrhea, muscle weakness, drowsiness, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis
31
diazepam
Diastat benzodiazepine IV use
32
digoxin
Brand: Lanoxin Class: inotrpoic med Route: PO, IV Indications: chronic HF in sinus rythm, a-fib, symptomatic HF Action: increases heart contractility thereby increasing CO; reduces HR; inhibits sympathetic activity Notes: narrow tx window; digoxin and K+ have inverse relationship and bind to same cell receptors; hypokalemia increases RF digoxin toxicity (sx: abd pain, anorexia, n + v, visual disturbances, bradycardia); frequent monitoring of digoxin and potassium levels; use cautiously in pts on diuretic tx
33
diltiazem
Cardizem calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle (arterioles) and cadiac conduction) antiangianl, anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive
34
enalapril
Vasotec ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor
35
enoxaparin
Brand: Lovenox Class: anticoagulant; low-molecular weight heparin Route: subcut Indication: Tx and prevent DVT/PE SEs/ADRs: hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT; Sx of thrombosis with 50% or more decrease in platelets or thrombocytopenia) Notes: antidote is protamine sulfate (1 mg inactivates 100 units lmwh)
36
eptifibatide
Integrelin glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet) inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization
37
exenatide
Byetta incretin mimetic, antidiabetic
38
flumazenil
Romazicon GABA receptor antagonist Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity
39
fondaparinux
Brand: Arixtra Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor Route: subcut Indication: PE/DVT treatment and prevention Notes: usually used when pt allergic to heparin; fixed dose, therefore less lab testing
40
furosemide
Lasix loop diurectic
41
glimepiride
Amaryl Sulfonylurea
42
glipizide
Glucotrol sulfonylurea
43
glyburide
DiaBeta sulfonylurea
44
heparin
**Anticoagulant** * monitor aPTT (IV), platelets and H&H (subcut) * starts and stops working quickly * Indications: Tx and prevent DVT/PE * Contraindications: surgeries/invasive procedures, brain/eye/spinal cord injuries * ADRs: hemorrhage, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) * HIT: Sx of thrombosis and 50% or more platelet reduction from baseline * antidote is protamine sulfate (1 mg inactivates 100 units heparin)
45
hydralazine
Apresoline vasodilator acts on arterioles
46
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Hydrodiuril, Microzide, Oretic thiazide diuretic 1st line for HTN
47
hydrocodone
Brand: Hysingla Class: opioid analgesic, antitussive; schedule II Route: PO, PO-ER
48
hydrocodone-acetaminophen
Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Norco
49
hydromorphone
Brand: Dilaudid Class: opioid agonist, antitussive Routes: PO (IR and ER), IV, IM, PR, subcut Notes: controlled substance schedule II
50
ibuprofen
Brands: Motrin, Advil Class: NSAID, antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic, anti-rheumatic Route: PO, IV Indication: for mild pain SE/ADRs: gastric upset, GI bleeding, gastric ulcer, HF, MI, STK, hepatits,
51
intermediate acting insulin
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, isophane insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N) onset: 1-3 hours peak: 8 hours duration: 12-16 hours \*cloudy\*
52
isosorbide dinitrate
Isordil vasodilator
53
isosorbide mononitrate
Imdur vasodilator
54
ketorolac
Brand: Toradol, Sprix Class: NSAID, non-opioid analgesic Route: IV, IM, PO, IN Indication: short-term management for moderate to severe pain, not to exceed 5 days total for all routes combined Notes: analgesic effect as strong as morphine w/o respiratory depression
55
labetolol
Trandate non-cardio-selective beta blocker
56
lactated ringers/ringers lactate (LR/RL)
isotonic solution expands extracellular fluid volume without causing fluid shift 254 mOsm/L aka Hartmann's solution contains sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water
57
liraglutide
Victoza incretin mimetic, antidiabetic
58
lisinopril
Prinivil, Zestril ACE inhibitor, RAAS inhibitor
59
long acting insulin
insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levemir) onset: 1 hour peak: none duration: 20-26 hours DO NOT MIX C/ OTHER INSULINS
60
lorazepam
Ativan benzodiazepine IV use
61
losartan
Cozaar angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor
62
lovastatin
Mevacor HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
63
magnesium sulfate
indication: treat or prevent hypomagnesemia SE/ADRs: hypermagnesemia, cardiac dysrythmias, respiratory depression MUST be given via infusion pump
64
metformin
Brand: Glucophage Class: antidiabetic, biguanide Route: PO Indications: Tx and prevent type 2 diabetes (first-lineTx), gestational diabetes Contraindications: renal failure, alcohol, cimetidine, iodinated radiocontrast media SEs/ADRs: lactic acidosis (extreme fatigue, hyperventilation), GI issues (diarrhea, anorexia) Notes: not metabolized, excreted unchanged by kidneys; hold 48 hours a/ procedure c/ contrast dye, resume 48 hours p/ procedure; usually d/c for inpatient; monitor BUN and Cr (renal failure can lead to toxic levels) Mechanism of Action: inhibits glucose production by liver, synthesizes insulin receptors in fat and skeletal muscle; slighlty decreases glucose absorption in gut
65
metformin with glyburide
Glucovance
66
methyldopa
Aldomet alpha II adrenergic agonist
67
metoclopramide
Brand: Reglan, Gemoti Class: anti-emetic Action: blocks dopamine receptors in CNS, stimulates motility in upper GI tract, accelerates gastric emptying Indications: N/V, GERD, diabetic gastroparesis, facilitation of small bowel intubation during radiographic procedures, hiccups SE/ADRs: drowsiness, dysguesia, extrapyramidal reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, restlessness
68
metoprolol
Lopressor, Toprol cardio-selective beta blocker
69
miglitol
Glyset alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, antidiabetic
70
morphine
Class: opioid agonist Indications: analgesia for severe pain Routes: IV, IM, PO, PO-ER, subcut, PR, IT, epidural Notes: controlled substance schedule II
71
naloxone
Brand: Narcan, Kloxxado Class: opioid antagonist, antidote Action: competitively blocks the effects of opioids, including CNS and respiratory depression, without producing any agonist/opioid-like effects Routes: IV, IM, subcut, intranasal SE/ADRs: withdrawal symptoms in dependent pt, loss of analgesic effect, ventricular arrhythmias Notes: effects seen almost immediately, potency lasts 30-90 minutes; short half-life necessitates multiple doses
72
nateglinide
Starlix meglitinide, antidiabetic
73
nicardipine
Cardene calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)
74
nifedipine
Procardia calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle only)
75
nitroglycerin
Nitro vasodilator acts on veins
76
clopidogrel
Brands: Plavix Class: antiplatelet Indications: ischemic stroke, MI, PAD Notes: can be cost-prohibitive
77
ofirmev
IV acetaminophen
78
ondansetron
Brand: Zofran Class: anti-emetic, 5-HT3 antagonist Action: blocks effects of serotonin in vagal nerve terminals and CTZ in CNS SE/ADRs: torsades de pointes, constipation, diarrhea, serotonin syndrome, headache, stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Notes: most frequently prescribed antiemetic
79
oxazepam
Serax benzodiazepine
80
oxycodone
Brand: Oxycontin, Oxaydo, Roxicodone, Xtampza ER Class: opioid agonist; schedule II Routes: PO, PO-ER
81
oxycodone-acetaminophen
Percocet, Oxycet
82
patiromer
Veltassa cationic exchange resin electrolyte modifier, hypokalemic PO Indication: hyperkalemic
83
pioglitazone
Actos thiazolidinedione, antidiabetic
84
potassium chloride
brand: K-dur (PO) given IV or PO, NEVER subcut or IM indications: hypokalemia SE/ADRs: cardiac dysrythmias, hyperkalemia NEVER given IV push MUST be given via infusion pump ALWAYS diluted (10 mEq/ 100 mL) NEVER given faster than 10 mEq/hr MAX dose is 40 mEq in 4 hours
85
pramlintide
Symlin amylin mimetic, antidiabetic
86
prochlorperazine
Brand: Compazine, Compro Class: anti-emetic, antipsychotic, phenothiazines Action: alters effect of dopamine in CNS; anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity; depresses chemoreceptor trigger zone in CNS SE/ADRs: blurred vision, constipation, dry eyes, dry mouth, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
87
promethazine
Brand: Phenergan Class: antiemetic, antihistamine, sedative/hypnotic Indications: treatment and prevention of nausea/vomiting, preop sedation, adjunct to anasthesia/analagesia, tx of allergic conditions, tx of motion sickness Contraindications: comatose pt, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, angle-closure glaucoma SE/ADRs: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, confusion, disorientation, sedation
88
propranolol
Inderal non-cardio-selective beta blocker
89
protamine sulfate
antidote to heparin and enoxaparin 1 mg inactivates 100 units
90
rapid acting insulin
insulin aspart (Novolog), insulin lispro (Humalog) onset: 15 min peak: 30-90 min duration: 3-5 hours prefered insulin for sliding scale coverage
91
repaglinide
Prandin meglitinide, antidiabetic
92
reteplase
Retavase tissue plasminogen activator thrombolytic
93
rivaroxaban
Brand: Xarelto Class: anticoagulant, Factor Xa inhibitor Route: PO Indication: treat and prevent DVT, PE, and A-fib Notes: quick onset, fixed dose, less RF bleeding, and fewer labs; med stays in system about 12 hours; no reversal agent
94
rosiglitazone
Avandia thiazolidinedione, antidiabetic
95
rosuvastatin
Crestor HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
96
saxagliptin
Onglyza dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, antidiabetic
97
short acting insulin
regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) onset: 30-60 min peak: 2-4 hours duration: 5-8 hours can use sliding scale the ONLY insulin given IV
98
simvastatin
Zocor HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
99
sitagliptin
Januvia dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, antidiabetic
100
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
brand name: Kayexalate indications: hyperkalemia SE/ADRs: new cardiac dysrythmia, hypokalemia, intestinal necrosis should cause at least two loose bowel movements per day
101
spironolactone
Aldactone aldosterone receptor antagonist (potassium-sparing diuretic); antimineralocorticoid
102
tenectaplase
TNK, TNKase tissue plasminogen activator thrombolytic
103
ticagrelor
Brilinta antiplatelet SE/ADRs: dyspnea, bleeding, increased uric acid levels
104
tirofiban
Aggrastat glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor (antiplatelet) inhibits fibrin attachment to platelets used to keep arteries patent during cardiac catheterization
105
torsemide
Demadex loop diuretic
106
valsartan
Diovan angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), RAAS inhibitor
107
verapamil
Calan calcium channel blocker (acting on smooth muscle (arterioles) and cadiac conduction) anti-anginal, anti-arrhythmic, antihypertensive, vascular headache suppressant
108
warfarin
Brand: Coumadin Class: Anticoagulant Route: PO Indication: Tx and prevent DVT/PE and A-fib SE/ADRs: bleeding, hemorrhage Notes: reversal agent is vitamin K (diet needs consistent amounts); requires frequent blood draws (monitor PT-INR), takes 2-4 days to start working and at least 1 week to stop working (hold 1-2 weeks before surgeries/procedures)
109
aspirin
AKA: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Class: anti-platelet, anti-pyretic, non-opioid analgesic, 1st generation NSAID, salicylate Indications: inflammation, mild to moderate pain, prophylaxis of TIAs and MI, suspected acute MI Contraindications: bleeding disorders, children under 19 years (Reye's syndrome) Notes: prolongs bleeding time 4-7 days; large doses may prolong PT time; avoid SE/ADRs: bleeding, gastric ulcer, ototoxicity, GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity
110
cefazolin
Ancef 1st generation cephalosporin
111
ceftriaxone
Rocephin 3rd generation cephalosporin
112
cephalexin
Keflex 1st generation cephalosporin

SCC RN (14 decks)

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