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SCC RN > Clinical Manifestations > Flashcards

Clinical Manifestations Flashcards

1
Q

hypovolemia/dehydration

A

tachycardia
tachypnea
confusion (late sign)
thready pulse
thirst
mild fever
fatigue
weakness
flushed, dry skin
dry mucous membranes
poor skin turgor
oliguria
concentrated urine
hypotension
weight loss
hemoconcentration of labs

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2
Q

fluid overload/overhydration

A

tachycardia
tachypnea
mental changes/confusion
bounding pulse
weight gain (2.2 lbs (1 Kg) in 24 hours)
pitting edema
ascites
jugular venous distension
hypertension
congested breath sounds (crackles)
cough
dyspnea (SOB/DOE)
hemodilution of labs

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3
Q

tachycardia
tachypnea
confusion (late sign)
thready pulse
thirst
fever
fatigue
weakness
flushed, dry skin
dry mucous membranes
poor skin turgor
oliguria
concentrated urine
hypotension
weight loss
hemoconcentration of labs

A

hypovolemia/dehydration

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4
Q

tachycardia
tachypnea
mental changes/confusion
bounding pulse
weight gain (2.2 lbs (1 Kg) in 24 hours)
pitting edema
ascites
jugular venous distension
hypertension
congested breath sounds (crackles)
cough
dyspnea (SOB/DOE)
hemodilution of labs

A

fluid overload/overhydration

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5
Q

hyperkalemia

A

> 5 mEq/L

increases cell excitability

EKG changes (peaked T wave)

bradycardia

hypotension

slow, irregular pulse

muscle weakness

increased GI motility, hyperactive BS

irritability/anxiety

paresthesia

skeletal muscle twitching, progessing to weakness/paralysis

oliguria

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6
Q

hypokalemia

A

< 3.5 mEq/L

reduced excitability of cells

cardiac dysrythmias

thready, weak pulse

orthostatic hypotension

decreased GI motility (constipation, distended abdomen, ileus)

nausea and vomiting

skeletal muscle weakness/paralysis

shallow respirations

irritability, anxiety, and confusion

lethargy progressing to coma

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7
Q

hypernatremia

A

>145 mEq/L

CNS changes (confusion, agitation)

seizures

muscle weakness/twitching

decreased DTRs

constipation

tachycardia, HoTN (hypovolemia)

bounding pulse (hypervolemia)

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8
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

< 1.3 mEq/L

cardiac dysrythmias

tachycardia

hypertension

muscle cramps

agitation/confusion/apathy

paresthesia

siezures

hyperactive DTRs

decreased GI motility (anorexia, constipation, paralytic ileus)

positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs

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9
Q

hyponatremia

A

< 136 mEq/L

CNS changes (headache, confusion, lethargy, coma)

seizures

muscular weakness (especially in arms and legs; respiratory compromise)

lightheadedness/dizziness

decreased DTRs

nausea, diarrhea, abd cramping

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10
Q

hypermagnesemia

A

> 2.1 mEq/L

bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation

drowsy/lethargic/coma

decreased DTRs

decreased respiratory rate and depth (respiratory muscle weakness)

diarrhea

cardiac arrest

usually asymptomatic until Mg > 4 mEq/L

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11
Q

hypertension

A

elevated: 120-129/<80 mm Hg

stage 1 HTN: 130-139/80-89 mm Hg

stage 2 HTN: 140+/90+ mm Hg

few or no manifestations

headache (especailly in morning), facial flushing, dizziness, visual changes, fainting, nocturia, chest pain, dyspnea

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12
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

sudden SOB

crackles in lungs

anxiety

sharp, stabbing pain

tachycardia

tachypnea

change in LOC

cyanosis

hemoptysis

cardiac arrest

decreased O2 saturation

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13
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

sudden onset of unilateral edema

localized pain

red, warm, indurated vein

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14
Q

sudden SOB

crackles in lungs

anxiety

sharp, stabbing pain

tachycardia

tachypnea

change in LOC

cyanosis

hemoptysis

cardiac arrest

decreased O2 saturation

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

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15
Q

sudden onset of unilateral edema

localized pain

red, warm, indurated vein

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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16
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

results from atherosclerosis and narrowing of the lumen

intermittent claudication

numbness/burning pain, primarily in feet when in bed

pain relieved when placing legs in dependent position

decreased capillary refill of toes

diminished/non-palpable pulses

loss of hair

dry, scaly, mottled skin

thick toenails

cold/cyanotic extremity

dependent rubor

pallor with elevation

muscle atrophy

ulcers and gangrene of toes

17
Q

peripheripheral venous insufficiency (PVI)

A

results from prolonged venous hypertension that damages the valves

stasis dermatitis (brown discoloration extending up the level of insufficiency)

edema

stasis ulcers (usually on ankles)

18
Q

varicose veins

A

distended, superficial, visible veins

muscle cramping/aches

pain after sitting

pruritus

19
Q

hypocalcemia

A

< 9.0 mg/dL

muscle spasms

paresthesias (tingling around lips, nose, ears)

Trousseau’s/Chvostek’s signs

EKG changes

abd cramping and diarrhea

20
Q

hypercalcemia

A

>10.5 mg/dL

bradycardia

blood clotting

severe muscle weakness

decreased DTRs

confusion, lethargy

constipation

21
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

< 3.0 mg/dL

muscle weakness

respiratory failure due to weakened respiratory muscles

HoTN

parasthesia

irritability, confusion

22
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

> 4.5 mg/dL

few clinical symptoms

Sx r/t to hypocalcemia (muscle spasms; paresthesias (tingling around lips, nose, ears); Trousseau’s/Chvostek’s signs; EKG changes; abd cramping and diarrhea)

23
Q

increases cell excitability

EKG changes (peaked T wave)

bradycardia

hypotension

slow, irregular pulse

muscle weakness

increased GI motility, hyperactive BS

irritability/anxiety

paresthesia

skeletal muscle twitching, progessing to weakness/paralysis

oliguria

A

hyperkalemia

24
Q

reduced excitability of cells

cardiac dysrythmias

thready, weak pulse

orthostatic hypotension

decreased GI motility (constipation, distended abdomen, ileus)

nausea and vomiting

skeletal muscle weakness/paralysis

shallow respirations

irritability, anxiety, and confusion

lethargy progressing to coma

A

hypokalemia

25
Q

CNS changes (confusion, agitation)

seizures

muscle weakness/twitching

decreased DTRs

constipation

tachycardia, HoTN (hypovolemia)

bounding pulse (hypervolemia)

A

hypernatremia

26
Q

cardiac dysrythmias

tachycardia

hypertension

muscle cramps

agitation/confusion/apathy

paresthesia

siezures

hyperactive DTRs

decreased GI motility (anorexia, constipation, paralytic ileus)

positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs

A

hypomagnesemia

27
Q

CNS changes (headache, confusion, lethargy, coma)

seizures

muscular weakness (especially in arms and legs; respiratory compromise)

lightheadedness/dizziness

decreased DTRs

nausea, diarrhea, abd cramping

A

hyponatremia

28
Q

bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation

drowsy/lethargic/coma

decreased DTRs

decreased respiratory rate and depth (respiratory muscle weakness)

diarrhea

cardiac arrest

usually asymptomatic until Mg > 4 mEq/L

A

hypermagnesemia

29
Q

muscle spasms

paresthesias (tingling around lips, nose, ears)

Trousseau’s/Chvostek’s signs

EKG changes

abd cramping and diarrhea

A

hypocalcemia

30
Q

bradycardia

blood clotting

severe muscle weakness

decreased DTRs

confusion, lethargy

constipation

A

hypercalcemia

31
Q

muscle weakness

respiratory failure due to weakened respiratory muscles

HoTN

parasthesia

irritability, confusion

A

hypophosphatemia

32
Q

few clinical symptoms

Sx r/t to hypocalcemia (muscle spasms; paresthesias (tingling around lips, nose, ears); Trousseau’s/Chvostek’s signs; EKG changes; abd cramping and diarrhea)

A

hyperphosphatemia

33
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

hypoxia

muscle rigidity

tachycardia

tachypnea

late signs: hypotension, hyperthermia

SCC RN (14 decks)

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