Misc Questions pt. 3

Question 1

Hurthle cells are ……..

Answer 1

thyroid cells associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( have eosinophilic granular cytoplasm)

Question 2

A young person in coma having an acetone like odor has ……..

Answer 2

ketoacidosis

* Note that this could be mistaken for alcohol intoxication coma, which has the same odor

Question 3

Leukoplakia is ……

Answer 3

a white plaque on the oral mucosa for which a more specific diagnosis cannot be rendered.

Question 4

Linea alba is ……

Answer 4

linear white area on the buccal mucosa formed from hyperkeratosis due to occlusion, and may be excessive in those that clench or grind
* Usually bilateral,

Question 5

Absence seizure is ………..

Answer 5

episodes of brief disruption of consciousness throughout the day.

• Not accompanied by the convulsions and complete loss of consciousness often associated with epilepsy, but rather by the absence of motor or sensory symptoms (hence the blank look on the patient’s face).
• Typical age is 5 to 7

Question 6

An hour glass shaped stomach in the throacic cavity is a symptom of …….

Answer 6

hiatal hernia

Question 7

Scleroderma is associated with ……..

Answer 7

a near absence of peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter tone, caused by replacement of smooth muscles with connective tissue

Question 8

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease is associated with ……..

Answer 8

rheumatologic complaints

Question 9

EBV causes, in addition to Burkitt’s lymphoma, ……..

Answer 9

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 10

What are the most common location of oral SCC??

Answer 10

In order of frequency

1. Lower lip
2. Floor of mouth
3. Tip of tongue
4. Hard palate
5. Ventral tongue surface
6. Buccal mucosa

Question 11

The most characteristic feature of apoptosis is a distinctive ………

Answer 11

peripheral aggregation of chromatin

• In necrosis, the chromatin undergo karyolysis
• Eosinophilia characterizes both apoptosis and necrosis.

Question 12

Vulvovaginitis is …….

Answer 12

candida infection of the vagina, causing itching and white discharge
* Predisposing factors are DM, high vaginal pH, antibiotic use

Question 13

Coombs test is two types, ……… & ……

Answer 13

1. Direct: detect antibodies that are directly bound to RBC surface antigen by addition of Coombs reagent. Used to test autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2. Indirect: used in prenatal testing and before blood transfusion. Detects antibodies against RBCs that are present unbound in the patient’s serum

Question 14

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has high association with ……..

Answer 14

non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 15

Carcinosarcoma is ……..

Answer 15

tumor that contains malignant epithelial cells and malignant stromal cells

Question 16

Gargoylism is an indication of ……

Answer 16

Hurler or Hunter disease (MPS storage defect)

Question 17

Riboflavin deficiency (ariboflavinosis) is characterized by …….

Answer 17

glossitis, corneal opacities, dermatitis, and erythroid hyperplasia (immature RBC)

Question 18

Calcium oxalate stones are found in the liver. T/F??

Answer 18

False
Kidney
* Cholesterol stones are more in obese persons, with females>males

Question 19

Nuclei are stained blue by …… due to its high affinity to …….

Answer 19

hematoxylin, binds to DNA & RNA

• Nuclei of cancer cells are dark blue due to high activity
• Note that Eosin binds to cellular protein
• Abundant ribosomes in the cytoplasm will stain blue

Question 20

…….. is post-translationally hydroxylated in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts

Answer 20

Proline

• needed for stabilizing the triple helical structure of collagen
• Note that: the three dimensional structure of cystine is stabilized by the disulfide bridge

Question 21

Every third amino acid in collagen is …..

Answer 21

Glycine

* Glycine is not hydroxylated like proline

Question 22

B12 deficiency will lead to ….. and a blood smear with ………

Answer 22

megaloblastic anemia

hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 23

High glucagon produces ……

Answer 23

a transitory skin rash, anemia, and a form of diabetes mellitus

Question 24

Neuropraxia is …….

Answer 24

loss of sensation due to bruising of nerve

* Fast recovery

Question 25

What is the difference between neurotmesis and axonotmesis?

Answer 25

• Axonotmesis is damage to the axon, while the sheath is intact
• Neurotmesis is complete cut of nerve

Question 26

No regeneration of severed axons of the CNS occur because ……..

Answer 26

they are not enclosed by neurilemma (neurilemma is a characteristic of Schwann cells, only in peripheral nerves)

Question 27

Deficiency of Fe causes ….., while deficiency of Folate & B12 cause …….

Answer 27

microcytic

megaloblastic (macrocytic)

Question 28

Normal plasma bilirubin concentration is ……

Answer 28

0. 5 mg / 100 mL

* In jaudice, the level rises over 40mg/100mL

Question 29

Describe how ethanol is converted to acetate

Answer 29

• Ethanol converted to acetaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenase, with NADH production)
• Acetaldehyde is converted to acetate (by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, with NADH production)