Misc Questions pt. 3 Flashcards
Hurthle cells are ……..
thyroid cells associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( have eosinophilic granular cytoplasm)
A young person in coma having an acetone like odor has ……..
ketoacidosis
* Note that this could be mistaken for alcohol intoxication coma, which has the same odor
Leukoplakia is ……
a white plaque on the oral mucosa for which a more specific diagnosis cannot be rendered.
Linea alba is ……
linear white area on the buccal mucosa formed from hyperkeratosis due to occlusion, and may be excessive in those that clench or grind
* Usually bilateral,
Absence seizure is ………..
episodes of brief disruption of consciousness throughout the day.
- Not accompanied by the convulsions and complete loss of consciousness often associated with epilepsy, but rather by the absence of motor or sensory symptoms (hence the blank look on the patient’s face).
- Typical age is 5 to 7
An hour glass shaped stomach in the throacic cavity is a symptom of …….
hiatal hernia
Scleroderma is associated with ……..
a near absence of peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter tone, caused by replacement of smooth muscles with connective tissue
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease is associated with ……..
rheumatologic complaints
EBV causes, in addition to Burkitt’s lymphoma, ……..
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What are the most common location of oral SCC??
In order of frequency
- Lower lip
- Floor of mouth
- Tip of tongue
- Hard palate
- Ventral tongue surface
- Buccal mucosa
The most characteristic feature of apoptosis is a distinctive ………
peripheral aggregation of chromatin
- In necrosis, the chromatin undergo karyolysis
- Eosinophilia characterizes both apoptosis and necrosis.
Vulvovaginitis is …….
candida infection of the vagina, causing itching and white discharge
* Predisposing factors are DM, high vaginal pH, antibiotic use
Coombs test is two types, ……… & ……
- Direct: detect antibodies that are directly bound to RBC surface antigen by addition of Coombs reagent. Used to test autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Indirect: used in prenatal testing and before blood transfusion. Detects antibodies against RBCs that are present unbound in the patient’s serum
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has high association with ……..
non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Carcinosarcoma is ……..
tumor that contains malignant epithelial cells and malignant stromal cells
Gargoylism is an indication of ……
Hurler or Hunter disease (MPS storage defect)
Riboflavin deficiency (ariboflavinosis) is characterized by …….
glossitis, corneal opacities, dermatitis, and erythroid hyperplasia (immature RBC)
Calcium oxalate stones are found in the liver. T/F??
False
Kidney
* Cholesterol stones are more in obese persons, with females>males
Nuclei are stained blue by …… due to its high affinity to …….
hematoxylin, binds to DNA & RNA
- Nuclei of cancer cells are dark blue due to high activity
- Note that Eosin binds to cellular protein
- Abundant ribosomes in the cytoplasm will stain blue
…….. is post-translationally hydroxylated in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts
Proline
- needed for stabilizing the triple helical structure of collagen
- Note that: the three dimensional structure of cystine is stabilized by the disulfide bridge
Every third amino acid in collagen is …..
Glycine
* Glycine is not hydroxylated like proline
B12 deficiency will lead to ….. and a blood smear with ………
megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented neutrophils
High glucagon produces ……
a transitory skin rash, anemia, and a form of diabetes mellitus
Neuropraxia is …….
loss of sensation due to bruising of nerve
* Fast recovery
What is the difference between neurotmesis and axonotmesis?
- Axonotmesis is damage to the axon, while the sheath is intact
- Neurotmesis is complete cut of nerve
No regeneration of severed axons of the CNS occur because ……..
they are not enclosed by neurilemma (neurilemma is a characteristic of Schwann cells, only in peripheral nerves)
Deficiency of Fe causes ….., while deficiency of Folate & B12 cause …….
microcytic
megaloblastic (macrocytic)
Normal plasma bilirubin concentration is ……
- 5 mg / 100 mL
* In jaudice, the level rises over 40mg/100mL
Describe how ethanol is converted to acetate
- Ethanol converted to acetaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenase, with NADH production)
- Acetaldehyde is converted to acetate (by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, with NADH production)
