Misc Questions pt. 2 Flashcards
Mesangium cells are ……
Cells continuous with the smooth muscles of the arterioles, and surround the capillaries in the glomerulus. Help to regulate the blood flow
Plasmapheresis is …….
filtering of plasma to remove the Ag-Ab complexes
Myelophthisis is …….
displacement of hemopoietic tissue in the blood by tumors or fibrosis
Thrombasthenia is ……..
Defect in platelet aggregation
- No fibrinogen bridging of platelets to other platelets can occur, and the bleeding time is significantly prolonged
- Could be primary defect in platelet aggregation
- Secondary defect is caused by aspirin, storage pool disease (defect in granules)
Hemophilia A & B are both …….
X linked recessive
Protein C & S are needed for ……
lysis of blood clot
* Deficiency leads to DVT
Megaloblastic anemia is ……….
Inhibition of DNA synthesis in RBC production, leads to failure of mitosis, and subsequent macrocytosis
* Caused by low B12 & folate, or drugs
Aplastic anemia is …….
disease of the bone marrow, which causes pancytopenia
- Definitive diagnosis is made by bone marrow biopsy, which should show cell content less than 25% of normal (30-70%)
- Hereditary or acquired
What is the difference between purpura and eccymosis?
purpura is hematoma, up to 1 cm in size
* Larger than that, and it becomes ecchymoses
Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism is accompanied by developmental defects like ……….
mental retardation, short stature, missing metacarpals
Vitamin D is responsible for intestinal absorption of Ca and PO4. T/F??
True
* Low Vit D (low Ca & PO4) will increase parathyroid secretion, which leads to further decrease in PO4 (due to increase renal excretion)
Diverticulitis usually affects the ……..
distal colon in elderly patient\
- Appendicitis is more in children and young adults
- Symptoms are the same as acute appendicitis
Pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, and gall bladder disease refer pain to ……
the mid back, lateral back, and right upper quadrant, respectively
The most common triosomies are …….
In order of frequency:
- Down
- Patau
- Edward
What is the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia???
Preeclampsia is a triad of hypertension, proteinuria & edema
- Add Seizures to the triad, and we get eclampsia
- Typically between 20 weeks gestation and 6 weeks postpartum
- Predisposing factors: Hypertension, DM, SLE, and thrombocytopenia & hyperuricemia (non specific indicators)
Argyria is ……
the ingestion of silver or its compounds. Causes blue skin and sclera
Alcohol & smoking, both increase the level of ………. in the liver, which in turn increases …….
cytochrome P450
drug metabolism
Multiple endocrine neoplasia is …….
What are the types??
a group of tumors of endocrine glands, benign & malignant.
- Autosomal dominant
- MEN I: gastrinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, pituitary adenoma, lipoma, parathyroid hyperplasia
- MEN IIa: Parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma
- MEN IIb (MEN III): Pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuroma, medullary thyroid cancer, Marfan body
In mumps, amylase serum level increase is due to …….
pancreatitis by the mumps virus
What are the effects of low serum cortisol on the GIT??
cramps, vomiting, nausea & anorexia
In secondary and tertiary adrenal insufficiency, aldosterone level is …..
about normal
* Not low like Addison’s disease
Ankylosing spondylitis is ……
chronic inflammation of axial skeleton, leads to ankylosis
- Features: midaxial stiffness, uveitis (eye and AS share the same antigen), AV block, bowl and bladder dysfunction, breathing difficulty
- More in men
What is the difference between osteoarthritis pain and that of RA??
Osteoarthritis pain usually increases at the end of the day. While that of RA is in the morning
Define:
- Zenker diverticulum
2. Traction diverticulum
- False diverticulum formed by herniation of the mucosa at a point of weakness at the junction of the pharynx and esophagus in the posterior hypopharyngeal wall. The cause is believed to be loss of elasticity of the upper esophageal sphincter. Associated with halitosis, and if the diverticulum fills completely with food, it can cause dysphagia or obstruction of the esophagus.
- True diverticula involving all of the layers of the esophagus. They are typically caused by adherence of the esophagus to a scarred mediastinal structure.
Guillain-Barre syndrome is ……..
autoimmune attack on myelin of peripheral nerves after viral infection (usually URI)
* Respiratory muscle failure may occur
Sjögren syndrome is associated with ……..
rheumatoid arthritis
What are the tumors that causes SVC syndrome???
In order of frequency:
- Small cell carcinoma
- Epidermoid carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
* Hodgkins & non Hodgkins do not cause this syndrome
* Goiter is a rare possibility
Polyuria and polydipsia are characteristics of Addison’s disease. T/F??
False
* They are “usually” not associated, although polydipsia may occur
Tumor in the right upper lobe of the lung may cause ……
Hoarseness, due to impingement of the recurrent laryngeal N. (ascends between the esophagus and trachea)
* Side note: pleurisy is inflammation of pleura
An osteoblastic bone lesion developed due to prostate cancer will elevate serum ……..
ALP
