Misc Questions pt. 1

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

Loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage

Question 2

Apraxia

Answer 2

Inability to perform particular purposive actions, due to brain damage.

Question 3

Patient in a permanent vegetative state only needs a feeding tube, why??

Answer 3

Because the brainstem, the center of vegetative functions (such as heart rate and rhythm, respiration, and gastrointestinal activity) is relatively intact

Question 4

Heart failure cells are ….

Answer 4

Macrophages with phagocytized RBC in the alveoli. Occurs in pulmonary edema due to heart failure

Question 5

Status asthmaticus is …….

Answer 5

severe asthma, not relieved by normal measure & needs hospitalization.
* There is severe acidosis & death. Treated by epinephrine

Question 6

Nitrous oxide is safe for asthmatic patients. T/F??

Answer 6

True. Especially if asthma is triggered by anxiety

Question 7

What is the greatest cause for COPD

Answer 7

cigarette smoking

Question 8

Kyphosis is ……

Answer 8

also called roundback or Kelso’s hunchback, is a condition of over-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 9

What are the two basic problems found in emphysema?

Answer 9

1. Difficulty to exhale

2. Decreased gas exchange

Question 10

Reid index is ……

Answer 10

ratio of mucous gland thickness: bronchial wall thickness

Question 11

Byssinosis is

Answer 11

Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of cotton particles

Question 12

Sarcoidosis is …

Answer 12

non caseating granulomas in eyes, lymphnodes, skin, but mostly in lungs for unknown cause
* May heal on its own, or may progress to cause organ damage

Question 13

Epidural hematoma occurs with head injury more than subdural hematoma. T/F??

Answer 13

False
Subdural occurs in 15% of head traumas
* Subdural hemorrhage may occur due to shearing injury, while epidural is due to tearing

Question 14

Patients with mysthenia gravis have high risk of developing the following autoimmune disorders . …..

Answer 14

SLE,
Thyrotoxicosis
RA

Question 15

Thymoma is ……, characterized by …….

and is associated with ……

Answer 15

tumor of the thymus

• Characterized by dyspnea (secondary to pressure on the trachea), engorgement of neck vessels (second to pressure on the SVC)
• It is associated with mysthenia gravis

Question 16

Prostate cancer is the second most common after ….

Answer 16

skin cancer

* Although more common than lung cancer, mortality of prostatic cancer is less that that of the lung

Question 17

Patient complaining of wrist drop with no radial nerve damage may suggest ……

Answer 17

lead poisoning

Question 18

Charcoat triad is

Answer 18

clinical presentation of cholangitis

* There is right upper quadrant pain, fever, jaundice

Question 19

Desmoid tumors are ………

Answer 19

Tumors originated from fibroblasts

* Some of these are aggressive (aggressive fibromatosis), but they don’t metastasize

Question 20

Brown tumors are the classic signs of ……

Answer 20

hyperparathyroidism (osteitis fibrosa cystica)

Question 21

Freckles are caused by increased melanin deposition in ……

Answer 21

basal layer of epidermis

Question 22

Vitiligo is caused by ……

Answer 22

melanocytes deficiency in the skin

Question 23

Nevus cells are …….

Answer 23

variant of melanocyte (they are bigger, no dendrites, more cytoplasm with coarse granules)
* Located at the dermoepidermal junction, or the dermis

Question 24

What is the effect of cirrhosis on estrogen metabolism??

Answer 24

Estrogen metabolism disturbance causes hypogonadism, amenorrhea, gynecomastia in men, spider angioma & palmar erythema

Question 25

What is the difference between a nodule and a papule

What is the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

Answer 25

• Papule is less than 1 cm in diameter, while a Nodule is more than 1 cm in diameter
• A vesicle is less than 1 cm, a bulla is more

Question 26

Lentigo Maligna is …….

Answer 26

Hutchinson’s freckle

Question 27

Subdural hematoma occurs between …….

Answer 27

the dura & the arachnoid