Diseases pt 2

Question 1

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (p. 150)

Answer 1

• Autosomal dominant
• Features: mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, intestinal polyps (hamartomas), family history
• the palms, soles and lips are involved in hyperpigmentation

Question 2

Hamartoma is …….

Answer 2

not a malignant tumor, grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues.
* composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass

Question 3

Herpangina (p. 150)

Answer 3

vesicular lesions typically in the pharynx

* caused by coxsackievirus A

Question 4

Syphilis

Answer 4

1. primary: chancres on lips
2. secondary: maculopapular eruptions
3. tertiary: gummae of palate, and atrophic glossitis

Question 5

VATER syndrome (p. 151)

Answer 5

1. vertebral defects
2. anal atresia
3. tracheoesophageal fistula
4. renal dysplasia
   * Tracheoesophageal fistula is the most common esophageal anomaly

Question 6

Melena is ….

Answer 6

black feces, due to oxidation of Hb

Question 7

Scleroderma (p. 152)

Answer 7

a systemic autoimmune disease. Characterized by fibrosis (collagen) with vascular alterations & antibodies

• Mostly in women
• Associated with Raynaud’s phenomena

Question 8

Schatzki ring is ……

Answer 8

narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing. The narrowing is caused by a ring of benign mucosal tissue (which lines the esophagus) or muscular tissue
* Webs are mucosal folds in the esophagus above the aortic arch

Question 9

Plummer Vinson Syndrome (p. 152)

Answer 9

Triad of dysphagia, atrophic glossitis, anemia

• There esophageal webs
• High risk of pharynx and esophageal cancer (SCC)

Question 10

Mallory Weiss tears (p. 152)

Answer 10

small mucosal tears at the gastroesophageal junction secondary to recurrent forceful vomitting
* Common in alcoholics

Question 11

Leiomyoma is …..

Answer 11

benign smooth muscle tumor of the stomach & intestine

* Features: bleeding, pain & iron deficiency anemia

Question 12

Gastric polyps are …..

Answer 12

benign tumor of the stomch, due to proliferation of mucosal epithelium

Question 13

Krunkenberg tumor is …..

Answer 13

bilateral ovarian metastasis of gastric cancer

* Characterized by signet ring cells

Question 14

Linitis plastica (p. 154)

Answer 14

or leather bottle stomach, is diffuse cancer of the stomach.
* It is not associated with H. pylori infection or chronic gastritis.

Question 15

Tropical sprue

Answer 15

unknown cause. May be due to enterotoxigenic E.Coli

* Steatorrhea, Diarrhea, Weight loss, Sore tongue (↓ vitamin B)

Question 16

Celiac Sprue is …..

Answer 16

(also non tropical sprue) is allergic, immunologic or toxin reaction to gliadin of gluten

• There is a genetic predisposition
• There is increases risk of GIT lymphoma (maltoma, or mucosal associated lymph tissue)
• Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley & oats. Rice and corn are gluten free

Question 17

Turcot syndrome (p. 157)

Answer 17

colonic polyps with brain tumors

Question 18

Budd-Chiari syndrome (p. 160)

Answer 18

Congestion of distal hepatic venous circulation

• Leads to liver cirrhosis (posthepatic)
• presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly

Question 19

Hemochromatosis (p. 163)

Answer 19

• autosomal recessive
• Deposition of iron in the liver (cirrhosis), pancreas (DM), heart, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, skin, and anterior pituitary, resulting in organ dysfunction
• Note that Hemosidrosis is iron overload for any cause

Question 20

Wilson’s Disease (p. 163)

Answer 20

• Autosomal recessive
• Also called hepatolenticular degeneration
• copper accumulates in tissue
• There is abnormality of hepatic excretion of copper
• There is deposition of green pigment
  in periphera of cornea.

Question 21

Hepatorenal disease (p. 163)

Answer 21

decreased renal function due to liver cirrhosis (in particular alcoholic hepatitis) or fulminant hepatic failure
* The cause is portal hypertension

Question 22

Reye syndrome (p. 164)

Answer 22

characterized by:

1. fatty liver
2. encephalopathy
3. Vomiting
4. Aspirin administration with varicella, URI, influenza A & B
   * Mostly in children

Question 23

What is the difference between abscess and Empyema ??

Answer 23

unlike abscess, empyema is collection of pus within a “natural anatomic cavity”
* Abscess is formed in a pathologic cavity

Question 24

Kwashiorkor (p. 166)

Answer 24

inadequate protein intake

• There is low serum total proteins and albumin
• Edema might also occur

Question 25

Calcinosis is …..

Answer 25

formation of calcified deposits in soft tissue

Question 26

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Answer 26

1. Peptic ulcers with severe diarrhea
2. Increased gastric HCl
3. Pancreatic gastrinoma (60% malignant), some tumors are in the duodenum
   * This syndrome is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1

Question 27

Whipple’s disease

Answer 27

Caused by Tropheryma whippelii

* Can affect any organ, but mostly the GIT causing malabsorption, diarrhea, joint pain

Question 28

Kernicterus is

Answer 28

accumulation of bilirubin in the brain

* causes Athetoid cerebral palsy.