Diseases pt 2 Flashcards
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (p. 150)
- Autosomal dominant
- Features: mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, intestinal polyps (hamartomas), family history
- the palms, soles and lips are involved in hyperpigmentation
Hamartoma is …….
not a malignant tumor, grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues.
* composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass
Herpangina (p. 150)
vesicular lesions typically in the pharynx
* caused by coxsackievirus A
Syphilis
- primary: chancres on lips
- secondary: maculopapular eruptions
- tertiary: gummae of palate, and atrophic glossitis
VATER syndrome (p. 151)
- vertebral defects
- anal atresia
- tracheoesophageal fistula
- renal dysplasia
* Tracheoesophageal fistula is the most common esophageal anomaly
Melena is ….
black feces, due to oxidation of Hb
Scleroderma (p. 152)
a systemic autoimmune disease. Characterized by fibrosis (collagen) with vascular alterations & antibodies
- Mostly in women
- Associated with Raynaud’s phenomena
Schatzki ring is ……
narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing. The narrowing is caused by a ring of benign mucosal tissue (which lines the esophagus) or muscular tissue
* Webs are mucosal folds in the esophagus above the aortic arch
Plummer Vinson Syndrome (p. 152)
Triad of dysphagia, atrophic glossitis, anemia
- There esophageal webs
- High risk of pharynx and esophageal cancer (SCC)
Mallory Weiss tears (p. 152)
small mucosal tears at the gastroesophageal junction secondary to recurrent forceful vomitting
* Common in alcoholics
Leiomyoma is …..
benign smooth muscle tumor of the stomach & intestine
* Features: bleeding, pain & iron deficiency anemia
Gastric polyps are …..
benign tumor of the stomch, due to proliferation of mucosal epithelium
Krunkenberg tumor is …..
bilateral ovarian metastasis of gastric cancer
* Characterized by signet ring cells
Linitis plastica (p. 154)
or leather bottle stomach, is diffuse cancer of the stomach.
* It is not associated with H. pylori infection or chronic gastritis.
Tropical sprue
unknown cause. May be due to enterotoxigenic E.Coli
* Steatorrhea, Diarrhea, Weight loss, Sore tongue (↓ vitamin B)
Celiac Sprue is …..
(also non tropical sprue) is allergic, immunologic or toxin reaction to gliadin of gluten
- There is a genetic predisposition
- There is increases risk of GIT lymphoma (maltoma, or mucosal associated lymph tissue)
- Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley & oats. Rice and corn are gluten free
Turcot syndrome (p. 157)
colonic polyps with brain tumors
Budd-Chiari syndrome (p. 160)
Congestion of distal hepatic venous circulation
- Leads to liver cirrhosis (posthepatic)
- presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly
Hemochromatosis (p. 163)
- autosomal recessive
- Deposition of iron in the liver (cirrhosis), pancreas (DM), heart, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, skin, and anterior pituitary, resulting in organ dysfunction
- Note that Hemosidrosis is iron overload for any cause
Wilson’s Disease (p. 163)
- Autosomal recessive
- Also called hepatolenticular degeneration
- copper accumulates in tissue
- There is abnormality of hepatic excretion of copper
- There is deposition of green pigment
in periphera of cornea.
Hepatorenal disease (p. 163)
decreased renal function due to liver cirrhosis (in particular alcoholic hepatitis) or fulminant hepatic failure
* The cause is portal hypertension
Reye syndrome (p. 164)
characterized by:
- fatty liver
- encephalopathy
- Vomiting
- Aspirin administration with varicella, URI, influenza A & B
* Mostly in children
What is the difference between abscess and Empyema ??
unlike abscess, empyema is collection of pus within a “natural anatomic cavity”
* Abscess is formed in a pathologic cavity
Kwashiorkor (p. 166)
inadequate protein intake
- There is low serum total proteins and albumin
- Edema might also occur
Calcinosis is …..
formation of calcified deposits in soft tissue
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
- Peptic ulcers with severe diarrhea
- Increased gastric HCl
- Pancreatic gastrinoma (60% malignant), some tumors are in the duodenum
* This syndrome is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1
Whipple’s disease
Caused by Tropheryma whippelii
* Can affect any organ, but mostly the GIT causing malabsorption, diarrhea, joint pain
Kernicterus is
accumulation of bilirubin in the brain
* causes Athetoid cerebral palsy.
