misc. from renal review

Question 1

angiotensin II stimulates _____ in nephron

Answer 1

Na+ reabsorption (NHE) in PCT

Question 2

aldosterone stimulates _____ in principal cells, & _____ in alpha-intercalated cells

Answer 2

Na+ reabsorption (ENaC) & K+ secretion (ROMK) in principal cells

H+ secretion (H ATPase) in alpha-intercalated cells

Question 3

3 things that increase Renin secretion (RAAS)

Answer 3

decreased BP
decreased NaCl passing MD cells
increased SNS

Question 4

renal artery stenosis _____ renin secretion

Answer 4

increases

Question 5

heart failure _____ renin secretion

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

main function of ADH/AVP

Answer 6

causes excretion of small volume of concentrated urine

Question 7

1 way that ADH increases water permeability in collecting duct

Answer 7

stimulates placing cAMP-dependent AQP2 in apical membrane

Question 8

3 ways that ADH maximizes medullary osmotic gradient

Answer 8

-stimulates UT1 (more IMCD urea permeability)
-stimulates NKCC in TALH & ENaC in CCT
-decreases blood flow through vasa recta

Question 9

free water clearance of concentrated urine is

Answer 9

neg (-)

Question 10

free water clearance of dilute urine is

Answer 10

pos (+)

Question 11

what value(s) are synonymous with RPF

Answer 11

Cpah

(clearance of PAH)

Question 12

what value(s) are synonymous with GFR

Answer 12

Cin, Ccr

(clearance of inulin, clearance of creatinine)

Question 13

relationship of GFR and Pcr (plasma creatinine)

Answer 13

inversely related

^ GFR = v Pcr

Question 14

autoregulation if GFR & RBF is NOT performed by which pathway

Answer 14

RAAS

Question 15

autoregulation in kidney only induces changes in what structure

Answer 15

afferent arteriole

Question 16

angiotensin II has preferential effect on _____ arteriole

Answer 16

efferent

Question 17

RBF, GFR with constriction of afferent and/or efferent arteriole

Answer 17

afferent constriction =
v RBF, GFR

efferent constriction =
v RBF, ^ GFR

both constriction =
v RBF, no change GFR

Question 18

buffers are most effective when pH is _____

Answer 18

closest to their pKa

Question 19

chronic acidosis = _____ ammoniagenesis in the _____, in order to _____

Answer 19

upregulates ammoniagenesis in the PCT

= produces new bicarb !

Question 20

primary location in nephron for reabsorption of most water / solute

Answer 20

PCT

Question 21

organic anions (PAH, creatinine) & organic cations handling in the nephron

Answer 21

only secreted, & only in the PCT

Question 22

TF/P for solutes that are freely filtered

Answer 22

TF/P = 1

Question 23

TF/P for solutes that are not filtered

Answer 23

TF/P = 0

Question 24

^ FF = ___ RPF or ___ GFR

Answer 24

v RPF or ^ GFR (if no change in RPF)

Question 25

vv RPF = ___ GFR

Answer 25

v GFR

Question 26

NFP (net filtration pressure) in glomerular capillaries is _____, bc _____

Answer 26

pos (+) bc net filtration pressures dominate in this capillary

Question 27

NFP (net filtration pressure) in peritubular (& vasa recta) capillaries is _____, bc _____

Answer 27

neg (-) bc net reabsorptive pressures dominate in the capillary