HTN Flashcards
at what age do men and women begin to get HTN a lot more
55-65 years
what race has the highest occurrence of HTN
non-Hispanic Black
equation for BP (also for MAP)
BP (or MAP) = CO x TPR
TPR (aka SVR)
equation for CO
CO = HR x SV
what does SVR stand for
systemic vascular resistance
increase BP if:
_____ resistance in arterioles
_____ CO in heart
_____ TBV in kidneys
_____ capacitance in venules
increased resistance in arterioles
increased CO
increased TBV (total body volume)
decreased capacitance in venules
if both HTN and hypokalemia (low K+) present, then what is the primary driver for their HTN
too much aldosterone
what levels of Na+ and K+ can activate more aldosterone secretion
hypovalemia
hyperkalemia
3 criteria for clinical dx of essential HTN
avg of 2 or more seated BP readings
spread across 2 or more visits
verify in contralateral arm
4 criteria for accuracy during BP reading
seated for at least 5 min
cuff at heart level
appropriate cuff size
correct location for cuff & stethoscope
if cuff is too small, BP is falsely _____;
if cuff is too big, BP is falsely _____
small cuff = falsely HIGH BP
large cuff = falsely LOW BP
AHA/ACC criteria for BP
6 non-pharmacologic interventions for HTN
(WEADSS)
-Weight loss
-Exercise
-decrease Alcohol
-DASH diet
-quit Smoking
-decrease Sodium intake
causes of secondary HTN (not drug-induced)
(CHATAPSS)
Cushing’s (elevated cortisol)
Hyperaldosteronism
Aortic coarctation (diff BP on diff side of body)
Thyroid dysf.
Atherosclerosis
Pheochromocytoma
Stenosis of renal arteries
Sleep apnea
drugs that cause secondary HTN via volume retention
NSAIDs
sex hormones (oral contraceptives)
corticosteroids
drugs that cause secondary HTN via SNS activation
cocaine
decongestants
caffeine
drugs that cause secondary HTN via direct vasoconstriction
calcineurin inhibitors
VEGF inhibitors
