kidneys, ureters, & bladder Flashcards
_____ are served by unpaired arteries
gut tube
& its derivatives (liver, spleen, pancreas)
_____ are served by paired arteries
retro- & sub-peritoneal structures / organs
renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta at the level of _____ vertebrae
L1 or L2
gonads receive parasympathetic innervation from _____
vagus n.
reproductive system (except for gonads) receives parasympathetic innervation from _____
pelvic splanchnic n.
left gonadal vein drains into _____ at right angle
left renal vein
right gonadal vein drains into _____ at acute angle
IVC
what is a major calyx
when 2 or more minor calyxes join
renal sinus is filled with _____
fat
ratio of pyramids : minor calyxes
1 : 1
when is arcuate artery skipped in blood flow path inside kidney
when inside columns
arterial blood flow pathway inside kidney (outside of columns)
renal a.
->
segmental a.
->
interlobar aa.
->
arcuate aa.
->
interlobular aa.
->
in cortex
at what point does interlobar a. become arcuate a.
once it hits base of pyramid & begins to arc around it
urine pathway inside kidney (as soon as it leaves collecting duct in nephron)
collecting duct
->
renal papilla (at apex of pyramid)
->
minor calyx
->
major calyx
->
renal pelvis
->
ureter
->
bladder
3 locations on ureter that normal (non-pathological) constrictions occur
-ureteropelvic junction (transition from renal pelvis to ureter)
-true pelvis (crossing common iliac vessels & bony rim of pelvic bone)
-entrance to bladder
position of urinary bladder is _____, & what does this mean
subperitoneal
inferior to peritoneal cavity
what separates peritoneal cavity & urinary bladder
parietal peritoneum
name & definition of peritoneal pouch in males
rectovesical pouch
gutter space in peritoneal cavity between rectum & bladder
names & definition of peritoneal pouches in females
recto-uterine pouch (between rectum & uterus)
vesico-uterine pouch (between bladder & uterus)
gutter spaces in peritoneal cavity
bladder position female vs. male
female- bladder just above urogenital diaphragm
male- bladder separated from urogenital diaphragm by prostate gland
_____ provides arterial supply & venous drainage of bladder
internal iliac vessels
what is the trigone in the bladder
a triangular space bordered by openings of ureters & internal urethral orifice
trigone is _____ compared to rest of bladder tissue
smooth
trigone is highly _____, sensitive to _____, & signals brain of _____
highly innervated
sensitive to expansion
signals brain of need to urinate
in both sexes, is the micturition reflex triggered voluntarily or involuntarily
voluntarily
what happens after micturition reflex is triggered
-> triggers detrusor muscle in bladder wall to CONTRACT & urethral sphincters to RELAX
risk factors for kidney stones
chronic dehydration
high urine calcium levels
high animal protein intake
what is lithotripsy
fragmentation of kidney stones by ultrasound
2 theories for horseshoe kidney formation
-fusion in metanephros stage- 5th week
-teratogenic event- posterior nephrogenic cells migrate to wrong spot
what happens as horseshoe kidney tries to ascend, & when does this happen
at 7-8 weeks
hooks around inferior mesenteric a., kidney ends up staying pretty low
