anti-HTN drugs Flashcards
the 4 major classes of drugs used to control BP
-diuretics
-agents antagonizing angiotensin (renin-angiotensin system)
-vasodilators
-sympatholytic / sympathoplegic agents
general diuretics mechanism
inhibits reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, & water
classes of diuretics
-loop
-thiazide
-(K+ sparing) Na+ channel inhibitor
-(K+ sparing) aldosterone antagonist
loop diuretics mechanism
in TALH, inhibits apical Na+ / K+ / 2 Cl- co-transporter
thiazide diuretics mechanism
in DCT, inhibits apical NCC (Na+ / Cl- co-transporter)
(K+ sparing) Na+ channel inhibitor diuretics mechanism
in CT, inhibits apical ENaC (Na+ channel)
(K+ sparing) aldosterone antagonist diuretics mechanism
in principal cells of DCT & CT, inhibits mineralocorticoid receptor (which decreases ENaC activity)
furosemide is what kind of diuretic
loop diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide is what kind of diuretic
thiazide diuretic
amiloride is what kind of diuretic
(K+ sparing) Na+ channel inhibitor
triamterene is what kind of diuretic
(K+ sparing) Na+ channel inhibitor
spironolactone is what kind of diuretic
(K+ sparing) aldosterone antagonist
K+ wasting diuretics, & what this means
more K+ lost in urine
CA inhibitors
Osmotic
Loop
Thiazide
K+ sparing diuretics, & what this means
less K+ lost in urine
ENaC inhibitors
Aldosterone antagonists
what is nitroprusside
vasodilator
produces NO
what is hydralazine
vasodilator
inhibits Ca2+ release from SR
what is minoxidil
vasodilator
open K+ channel
what is fenoldopam
vasodilator
selective post-synaptic dopamine (D1-receptor) agonist
classes of drugs that block renin-angiotensin system
-ACE inhibitors
-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
-renin inhibitors
-aldosterone antagonists
what is captopril
ACE inhibitor
mechanism of ACE inhibitors
blocks production of angiotensin II
what is lisinopril
ACE inhibitor
what is losartan
angiotensin receptor blocker
mechanism of angiotensin receptor blockers
blocks activation of angiotensin receptor by angiotensin II
what is aliskiren
renin inhibitor
mechanism of renin inhibitors
inhibits renin enzyme activity
beta1 blockers reduce _____ secretion
renin
mechanism of centrally acting sympathoplegic agents
reduces symp. tone
->
reduces vascular resistance
->
reduces CO
mechanism of alpha1-receptor antagonist sympathoplegic agents
relaxes both resistance & capacitance vessels
mechanism of beta-blocker (adrenergic receptor) sympathoplegic agents
deceases CO
(inhibits renin secretion)
what is prazosin
alpha1-receptor antagonist sympathoplegic agent
what is clonidine
(alpha2-receptor agonist)
centrally acting sympathoplegic agent
activates parasymp
what is methyldopa
(indirect adrenergic)
centrally acting sympathoplegic agent
what is propranolol
beta-blocker (adrenergic receptor) sympathoplegic agent
what is acebutolol
beta-blocker (adrenergic receptor) sympathoplegic agent
what is amlodipine
Ca2+ channel blocker
mechanism of Ca2+ channel blockers
decreases PVR
draw RAAS system & anti-HTN drugs that influence it
