Misc Flashcards
Most common subtype of breast cancer?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Risk factors for breast cancer?
FHx, BRCA1/2, CXR, combined HRT, COCP, early menarche, late menopause
7 signs of breast cancer?
- Nipple inversion/distortion
- Difference in size
- Dimples
- Areolar eczema
- Palpable mass
- Nipple discharge
- Axillary lump
Differential diagnosis for breast cancer
Fibroadenoma, breast cysts
Dx of breast cancer
Clinical examination, US, mammography, histology
Staging of breast cancer
Stages 1-4, TNM staging (tumour size, lymph node status, metastasis)
Stage 1 breast cancer
Confined to breast, mobile
Stage 2 breast cancer
Confined to breast and ipsilateral axilla, mobile
Stage 3 breast cancer
Tumour fixed to muscle, ipsilateral lymph nodes may be fixed, skin involvement larger than tumour
Stage 4 breast cancer
Complete fixation of tumour to chest wall, metastases
Drugs used in breast cancer to reduce oestrogen activity in ER +’ve BC (sex hormone antagonists for breast cancer)?
- Oestrogen receptor blocker - oral tamoxifen
2. Aromatase inhibitor - oral anastrozole
BC treatment pre-menopausal women
- Ovarian ablation to stop oestrogen production
2. GnRH analogue - oral goserelin
Drug used in HER2 +’ve BC
oral trastuzumab (herceptin)
Screening for BC
Biplanar digital mammography, every 3 years, women aged 50-70
Breast cancer treatments that lead to decreased bone density –> i.e. increased risk of osteoporotic fracture?
Chemotherapy, ovarian suppression, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors
