Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NAPLEX > Misc. > Flashcards

Misc. Flashcards

1
Q

drugs contraindicated in renal dysfunction

A

CrCl <60: nitrofurantoin
CrCl <50: Stribild, voriconazole
CrCl <30: bisphosphonats, dabigatran, duloxetine, genvoya, fondaparinux, NSAIDs, K-sparing diuretics, rivaroxaban, tadalafil, tramadol ER
GFR <30: genvoya, SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, etc), metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hepatitis A

A

acute, self-limiting

fecal-oral transmission via contaminated food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hepatitis B

A

acute/chronic causes infection, cirrhosis, liver failure, death
spread via blood, body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hepatitis C

A

spread via blood, body fluids

tx: direct acting antiretrovirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Direct Acting Antiretrovirals

A

Harvoni (sofosbuvir + ledipasvir) - avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Epclusa (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir) - avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Vosevi (sofos + velpat + voxilaprevir) - take w/ food, avoid PPIs, H2RAs
Mavyret (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir) - 8 week course, all others x12 weeks
all DAAs c/i w/ 3A4 inducers, most inc conc. of statins, myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GERD initial and maintenance therapy

A

initial: PPI once daily x8 weeks
maintenance: PPI, H2RA
lifestyle mods: weight loss, raise head of bed, avoid eating before bed, avoid triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antacids for GERD

A 
neutralize gastric acid, raise pH
not absorbed
relief in minutes, lasts 30-60 minutes
calcium carbonate (Tums)
magnesium (Phillips, milk of magnesia)
Mg + (Al or Ca) combo (Mylanta)
Mg + Al + simethicone (Maalox)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H2RAs for GERD

A

reversibly inhibit H2 receptors, decrease gastric acid secretion
famotidine (Pepcid)
ranitidine (Zantac)
s/e: confusion, cognitive impairment in elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PPIs for GERD

A

bind gastric H/K-ATPase pump, blocks gastric acid secretion
use lowest effective dose for maintenance
esomeprazole (Nexium), omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
s/e: osteoporosis, fractures, C. diff, diarrhea, hypomagnesemia
decrease efficacy of clopiogrel, absorption of other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GERD other treatments

A

metoclopramide (Reglan)
s/e: tardive dyskinesia, EPS, restlessness, fatigue, drowsiness
avoid in Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

causes: H. pylori, NSAID-induced, stress-induced
s/sx: dyspepsia, gastric pain in mid/upper stomach
eating lessens pain if H. pylori ulcer
eating worsens pain if NSIAD ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment of H. pylori ulcers

A

first line - quadruple therapy x10-14d (PPI BID or esomeprazole daily + Pepto + metronidazole + tetracycline
triple therapy if no prior exposure to macrolides: PPI/esomeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of NSAID ulcers

A

celecoxib or other COX2 selectives - meloxicam, nabumetone, diclofenac, etodolac
cytoprotective drugs protect ulcer from further damage - misoprostol (Cytotec), sucralafate (Carafate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

constipation treatment special cases

A

use fiber in pregnancy

stimulant laxative for opioid-induced constipation (senna, bisacodyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium (metamucil)
calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)
methylcelluose (Citrucel)
take 2 hrs before/after other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osmotic laxatives

A 
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
PEG (Miralax)
glycerin (pedia-lax, suppositories)
sorbitol, lactulose
s/e: electrolyte imbalance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

senna (Ex-lax, Senokot)

bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

other laxatives

A 
emollient - docusate (Colace)
lubiprostone (Amitiza)
linaclotide (Linzess)
plecanatide (Trulance)
alvimopan (Entereg)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diarrhea

A

mainly viral, E. coli bacteria
replace fluids, electrolytes
non-infectious = Pepto or loperamide
IBS-D = loperamide, rifaximin (Xifaxin), alosetron (Lotronex - women only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antidiarrheals

A

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto)
loperamide (Imodium)
diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

antispasmodics for diarrhea

A

dicyclomine (Bentyl)

anticholinergic - dry mouth, nausea, blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mu-opioid receptor agonists for diarrhea

A

eluxadoline (Viberzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antidiarrheal counseling

A

do not give Pepto to kids/teens w/ viral infection - risk of Reye’s syndrome
do not self treat w/ imodium for >48 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of IBD

A

short courses of oral/IV steroids for acute exacerbations, aminosalicylates for maintenance, budesonide if confined to ileum or proximal colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
induction of remission for Chron's, Colitis
Chron's: steroids +/- thiopurine or methotrexate; anti-TNF +/- thiopurine; interleukin receptor antagonist Colitis: steroids +/- 5-ASA or thiopurine; anti-TNF +/- thiopurine; cyclosporine
26
maintenance of remission of Chron's
mild: budesonide mod/severe: Anti-TNF (Humira, Remicade, Cimzia), thiopurine (azathioprine, mercaptopurine), methotrexate, IL antagonist (uztekinumab - Stelara)
27
maintenance of remission of Colitis
mild: mesalamine (5-ASA) | mod/severe: anti-TNF (Humira, Remicade), golimumab (Symponi), thiopurine (azathioprine, mercaptopurine), cyclosporine
28
steroids for IBD
prednisone (Deltasone) | budesonide (Entocort, Uceris)
29
aminosalicylates for IBS
``` indicated for treatment of Colitis mesalamine sulfasalazine basalazide osalazine ```
30
thiopurines for IBS
azathioprine | mercaptopurine
31
immunosuppressants for IBD
methotrexate, cyclosporine
32
integrin receptor antagonists for IBD
natalizumab (Tysabri) | veolizumab (Entyvio)
33
sexual dysfunction
common w/ HTN, CAD, DM, depression, stress, stroke drug-induced: SSRIs, HTN meds, antipsychotics, BPH meds flibanserin (Addyi) - female viagra
34
PDE5 inhibitors for ED
smooth muscle relaxation, increased blood flow sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), avanafil (Stendra) s/e: hearing loss, vision loss, hypotension, priapism do not use w/ nitrates
35
Prostaglandin E1 for ED
alprostadil (Caverject, Muse) | s/e: penile pain, priapism
36
5HT1a/2a antagonists for sexual dysfunction
do not enhance sexual performance for premenopausal women only flibanserin (Addyi) c/i with alcohol, hepatic impairment, 3A4 inhibitors
37
BPH
alpha blockers alone or w/ 5-alpha reductase inhibitor | 5-alpha reductase inhibitors decrease prostate size - only use if enlarged prostate
38
alpha blockers for BPH
relax smooth muscle, reduce bladder obstruction terazosin, doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax) s/e: floppy iris syndrome in cataract pts, abnormal ejaculation give at bedtime
39
5-alpha reductase inhibitors for BPH
use only if enlarged prostate finasateride (Proscar) dutasteride (Avodart) c/i in pregnancy, fertile women, children s/e: impotence, decreased libido, abnormal ejaculation, breast enlargement decrease prostate size and PSA levels
40
PDE-5 inhibitors for BPH
tadalafil (Cialis) c/i with nitrate use s/e: impaired color vision, hearing loss, vision loss, hypotension, priapism
41
Overactive Bladder
urge incontinence: can't hold it long enough to reach toilet stress incontinence: leaks during exertion mixed: combo of stress and urge functional incontinence: physical impairment (ex. wheelchair)
42
anticholinergics for OAB
``` oxybutinin (Ditropan, Oxytrol patch) - patch OTC tolterodine (Detrol) trospium solifenacin (Vesicare) fesoterodine (Toviaz) s/e: dizzy, drosy, dry mouth ```
43
Beta-3 agonist for OAB
mirabegron (Myrbetriq) s/e HTN
44
Botox for OAB
s/e: UTI, urinary retention, dysuria
45
nocturia treatment
desmopressin (Noctiva) | s/e: severe hyponatremia - test sodium levels before starting
46
Glaucoma
open angle - treated w/ drops or surgery, common closed angle - sharp sudden increased IOP d/t blockage, medical emergency surgery prostaglandins most effective in reducing IOP beta blockers if IOP elevated in one eye
47
prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma
``` move fluid out of eye latanaprost (Xalatan) +timolol (Xalacom) travoprost (Travatan Z) bimatoprost (Lumigan) s/e: darkening of iris/eyelashes, eyelash growth/thickening ```
48
beta blockers for glaucoma
reduce aqueous humor production timolol (Timoptic) +brimonidine (Combigan), +dorzolamide (Cosopt), +latanoprost (Xalacom) s/e: burning, stinging, vision change avoid timolol in pts w/ asthma, COPD, bronchitis, CVD
49
cholinergics for glaucoma
increase aqueous humor outflow cabachol (Isopto, Miostat) pilocarpine (Isopto, Pilopine)
50
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma
``` reduce aqueous humor production dozolamide (Trusopt), timolol (Cosopt) acetazolamide (Diamox) caution w/ sulfa allergy s/e: blurred vision, dry eye ```
51
alpha-2 inhibitors for glaucoma
brimonidine (Alphagon) +timolol (Combigan) | avoid timolol in pts w/ asthma, COPD, bronchitis, CVD
52
otitis externa treatment (outer ear infection)
ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone (Cipro HC) cipro + dexamethasone (Ciprodex) cortisporin TC
53
ear wax removal
``` cerumen = ear wax carbamide peroxide (Debrox) triethanolamine (Cerumenex) ```
54
ear drop counseling
pull earlobe up & back in adults, down & back in kids administer drops keep head sideways for 5 minutes
55
motion sickness
scopolamine (Transderm Scop) - behind ear, lasts 3 days, use 4 hrs before, c/i with glaucoma meclizine (Bramamine less drowsy) - take 30-60 min before. s/e: blurred vision avoid alcohol
56
alopecia, hair loss treatment
finasteride (Propecia) - c/i in pregnancy, women shouldn't handle minoxidil (Rogaine)
57
diaper rash treatment
change frequently, let skin dry, use protectant Desitin (petrolatum + zinc oxide) Vusion (miconazole + zinc oxide + petrolatum)
58
fungal skin infection treatment
``` terbinafine (Lamisil) butenafine (Lotrimin) clotrimazole, miconazole tolnftate (Tinactin) betamethasone/clotrimazole (Lotrisone) Rx ```
59
fungal nail infection treatment
itraconazole (Sporanox) terbinafine (Lamisil) efinaconazole (Jublia)
60
yeast infection treatment
monistat, diflucan
61
genital wart treatment
imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara)
62
lice, scabies treatment
permethrin, pyrethrin (Nix, Rid) OTC of choice
63
poison ivy/oak treatment
``` aluminum acetate (Burrow's) colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno) ```
64
weight loss
reduce calories, increase exercise avoid weight loss drugs in pregnancy phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia) - s/e anxiety, depression naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave) - c/i w/ seizures, opioid use, HTN locaserin (Belviq) liraglutide (Saxenda) phentermine (Adipex) - s/e HTN, tachycardia; c/i w/ glaucoma or HTN orlistat (Alli, Xenical)
65
Thyroid issues
hypothyroidism: low T3/T4, high TSH hyperthyroidism: high T3/T4, low TSH hypothyroid: cause Hashimoto's hypothyroid: levothyroxine - empty stomach, separate from vitamins and antacids hyperthyroid: cause Grave's disease hyperthyroid: beta-blockers for s/sx, PTU, methimaazole, potassium iodine
66
arthritis
bilateral, symmetrical joint pain/swelling, stiffness goal: remission tx: MTX, then DMARDs, TNFs, biologics never use combo of 2 biologics
67
DMARDs for arthritis
methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Xatmep, Trexall) - c/i in pregnancy, do not use with alcohol hydroxychloroquin (Plaquenil) s/e retinopathy, vision loss sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) leflunomide (Arava) tofacitinib (Xeljanz)
68
anti-TNF biologics for arthritis
etanercept (Enbrel) adalimumab (Humira) infliximab (Remicade)
69
non-TNF biologics for arthritis
rituximab (Rituxan) | sarilumab (Kavzara)
70
transplant induction therapy
given before, prevent acute rejection | basilixumab, antithymocyte globulin
71
transplant maintenance therapy
``` calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) antiproliferatives (mycophenolate, azathioprine, belatacept) mTOR inhibitors (everolimus, sirolimus) ```
72
drugs that decrease oral contraceptive efficacy
anticonvulsants (barbituates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, topiramate, lamotrigine) antibiotics (rifampin, rifapentine, rifabutin) St. John's wort ritonavir smoking tobacco
73
osteoporosis
prevent w/ Ca + Vit D Vit D deficiency = ricketts, osteomalacia Vit D deficient: ergocalciferol, cholcalciferol x8-12wks tx: bisphosphonates, raloxifene, ibandronate, teriperatide bisphosphonates: alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel), ibandronate (Boniva) - must sit/stand 30 min after taking raloxifene (Evista) - SERM, s/e hot flashes
74
pain management
APAP max dose: 4,000 mg/day ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) - max 3,200 mg/day antiepileptics for pain: gabapentin, pregabalin antispasmodics/muscle relaxants for pain: baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, carisoprodol, methocarbamol SNRI/TCAs for pain: amitriptyline, duloxetine topicals for pain: lidocaine patch, capsaicin, methyl salicylate (IcyHot)
75
Gout treatment
acute tx: NSAIDs - indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen, celecoxib (celebrex); cholchicine (Colcrys) chronic tx: allopurinol (Zyloprim), lesinurad (Zurampic), probenacid

NAPLEX (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions