Misc

Question 1

hyperplasia definition

Answer 1

increase in cell number

Question 2

hypertrophy definition

Answer 2

increase in cell size

Question 3

atrophy definition

Answer 3

decrease in cell size

Question 4

metaplasia definition

Answer 4

reversible change in cell type

Question 5

neoplasia definition

Answer 5

new cell growth

Question 6

dysplasia definition

Answer 6

benign/malignant disordered growth

Question 7

apoptosis definition

Answer 7

unprogrammed cell death

Question 8

what is N0 in TNM staging

Answer 8

no node involvement

Question 9

what is N1 in TNM staging

Answer 9

1-3 node involvement

Question 10

what is N2 in TNM staging

Answer 10

4+ node involvement

Question 11

what is an acrocentric chromosome

when do they occur

Answer 11

has a long arm and a short arm

common in cancer

Question 12

what is a mendelian disease

are they generally serious or not

are they common or rare

Answer 12

purely genetic

serious

rare

Question 13

what is a multifactorial disease

are they generally serious or not

are they common or rare

Answer 13

mixture of genetic and environmental factors

not

common

Question 14

where do you get mitochondrial DNA

Answer 14

from your mother

M itochondiral = M um/M aternal

Question 15

trisomy 21

Answer 15

downs syndrome

Question 16

trisomy 14

Answer 16

miscarriage

Question 17

trisomy 18

Answer 17

Edwards syndrome

Question 18

22q11 deletion

Answer 18

digeorge syndrome

Question 19

45X or XO

Answer 19

turners syndrome

Question 20

47XXX

Answer 20

triple X

Question 21

47XXY

Answer 21

klinefelters

Question 22

components of the innate immune response (3)

Answer 22

macrophages
mast cells
NK cells

Question 23

components of the adaptive immune response (2)

Answer 23

B cells

T cells

Question 24

what are NK cells

Answer 24

large granular lymphocytes

Question 25

which Ig is found in breast milk and saliva

Answer 25

IgA

Question 26

which Ig is most commonly produced

Answer 26

IgA

Question 27

which Ig is most abundant in the body

Answer 27

IgG

Question 28

which Ig is involved in allergic responses

Answer 28

IgE

Question 29

which Ig is involved in mast cell activation

Answer 29

IgE

bc its the one involved in allergic responses

Question 30

which Ig is involved in neonatal immunity

Answer 30

IgA

Question 31

which Ig is the largest

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

which Ig is present first in infection (and hence measured in primary hormonal immune response)

Answer 32

IgM

Question 33

which Ig is an ‘antigen cell receptor’

Answer 33

IgD

Question 34

which Ig is a pentamer

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

which germ layer do organs come from

Answer 35

mesoderm

Question 36

which germ layer does the lining of the GI and resp tract come from

Answer 36

endoderm

Question 37

which germ layer does the skin and nerves come from

Answer 37

ectoderm

Question 38

energy supply 0-4 secs

Answer 38

ATP

Question 39

energy supply 4-15 secs

Answer 39

phosphocreatinine

Question 40

energy supply 15 secs - 4 mins

Answer 40

free circulating glucose

Question 41

energy supply 4-77 mins

Answer 41

glycogen stores

Question 42

energy supply > 4 days

Answer 42

fat stores

Question 43

which type of white blood cell has a kidney shaped nucleus

Answer 43

monocyte

mono = one nucleus (most are bilobed)

Question 44

which type of white blood cell has a large circular nucleus

Answer 44

lymphocyte

Lymphocyte = Large nucleus

Question 45

which type of white blood cell has pink dots in front of a bilobed nucleus

Answer 45

eosinophils

Question 46

which type of white blood cell can you not really see the nucleus in (its a bilobed nucleus)

Answer 46

basophil

Basophil = looks Blotchy

Question 47

which type of white blood cell has a multilobed nucleus

Answer 47

neutrophil