Misc Flashcards
hyperplasia definition
increase in cell number
hypertrophy definition
increase in cell size
atrophy definition
decrease in cell size
metaplasia definition
reversible change in cell type
neoplasia definition
new cell growth
dysplasia definition
benign/malignant disordered growth
apoptosis definition
unprogrammed cell death
what is N0 in TNM staging
no node involvement
what is N1 in TNM staging
1-3 node involvement
what is N2 in TNM staging
4+ node involvement
what is an acrocentric chromosome
when do they occur
has a long arm and a short arm
common in cancer
what is a mendelian disease
are they generally serious or not
are they common or rare
purely genetic
serious
rare
what is a multifactorial disease
are they generally serious or not
are they common or rare
mixture of genetic and environmental factors
not
common
where do you get mitochondrial DNA
from your mother
M itochondiral = M um/M aternal
trisomy 21
downs syndrome
trisomy 14
miscarriage
trisomy 18
Edwards syndrome
22q11 deletion
digeorge syndrome
45X or XO
turners syndrome
47XXX
triple X
47XXY
klinefelters
components of the innate immune response (3)
macrophages
mast cells
NK cells
components of the adaptive immune response (2)
B cells
T cells
what are NK cells
large granular lymphocytes
which Ig is found in breast milk and saliva
IgA
which Ig is most commonly produced
IgA
which Ig is most abundant in the body
IgG
which Ig is involved in allergic responses
IgE
which Ig is involved in mast cell activation
IgE
bc its the one involved in allergic responses
which Ig is involved in neonatal immunity
IgA
which Ig is the largest
IgM
which Ig is present first in infection (and hence measured in primary hormonal immune response)
IgM
which Ig is an ‘antigen cell receptor’
IgD
which Ig is a pentamer
IgM
which germ layer do organs come from
mesoderm
which germ layer does the lining of the GI and resp tract come from
endoderm
which germ layer does the skin and nerves come from
ectoderm
energy supply 0-4 secs
ATP
energy supply 4-15 secs
phosphocreatinine
energy supply 15 secs - 4 mins
free circulating glucose
energy supply 4-77 mins
glycogen stores
energy supply > 4 days
fat stores
which type of white blood cell has a kidney shaped nucleus
monocyte
mono = one nucleus (most are bilobed)
which type of white blood cell has a large circular nucleus
lymphocyte
Lymphocyte = Large nucleus
which type of white blood cell has pink dots in front of a bilobed nucleus
eosinophils
which type of white blood cell can you not really see the nucleus in (its a bilobed nucleus)
basophil
Basophil = looks Blotchy
which type of white blood cell has a multilobed nucleus
neutrophil
