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Pediatrics > Misc. > Flashcards

Misc. Flashcards

1
Q

Choanal atreisa clinical findings

A

Newborn cyanosis that is RELIEVED by crying and AGGRAVATED by feeding

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2
Q

MCC of secondary HTN in children

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

-Can hear renal bruits on CVA auscultation

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3
Q

MCC of pneumonia in CF children

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

Iron poisoning

A 
CFs:
   Abdominal pain 
   Hematemesis 
   Melena 
   Hypotensive shock
   Hepatic necrosis 
   Pyloric stenosis (2 weeks later)

Tx: Deferoxamine; bowel irrigation

***DO NOT USE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

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5
Q

Immigrant with follicular conjunctivitis and pannus

A

Endemic trachoma

Pannus- neovascularization of the cornea

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6
Q

Impetigo tx.

A

Topical mupirocin

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7
Q

NAS signs

A

High pitched cry

Poor sleeping

Tremors

Seizures

Sweating

Sneezing

Tachypnea

Diarrhea

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8
Q

Test to get w/ Guillan-Barre Syndrome

A

Spirometry

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9
Q

2nd line tx. for Tourette’s

A

Risperidone

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10
Q

Riboflavin deficiency

A

Angular chelitis

Glossitiis

Stomatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis

Normocytic, normochromic anemia

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11
Q

Suspect this if a child has recurrent intussusception

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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12
Q

Breast feeding jaundice

A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by lactation or feeding failure

  • Inadequate stooling =» decreased bilirubin excretion
  • Can also see brick red crystals in the diaper
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13
Q

RF for membranous nephropathy

A

HBV infxn

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14
Q

Battery swallow

A

Proximal to stomach =» Endoscopy

Stomach and farther =» Observe

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15
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess

A

Polymicrobial infxn from direct spread of a URI (pts. usually have hx. of URI)

CFs:
   Fever
   Odynophagia
   Drooling
   Neck stiffness
   Muffled voice 
   Inability to extend neck 
   ***Widened prevertebral space on x-ray
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16
Q

MC congenital anomaly in males of the GU tract

A

Cryptorchidism

RFs: Genetic disorders, prematurity, SGA, NT defects

Complications: 
   Inguinal hernia (due to patent processus vaginalis) 
   Testicular torsion 
   Subfertility 
   Testicular cancer
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17
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

Rhinorrhea

Abnormal long bone radiographs (metaphyseal lucencies)

Desquamating, maculopapular rash

Tx: Penicillin (to prevent sequelae)

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18
Q

Tx for acute, unilateral cervical adenitis

A

Clindamycin

-Covers Staph (+ MRSA), Strep.

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19
Q

MCCo recurrent UTIs in kids

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

-Can =» blunted calyces and prenchymal scarring

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20
Q

Work up for primary amenorrhea includes this test first

A

FSH

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21
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

Surge in insulin activity as body resumes anabolic fnxn after a period of starvation

-Increased uptake of PO4, K+, MG2+

CFs:
   Cardiac arrhythmia 
   CHF 
   Seizures 
   Wernicke's encephalopathy
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22
Q

MC supratentorial brain tumor in kids

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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23
Q

DOC for bed wetting

A

Desmopressin

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24
Q

Comps secondary to SGA

A

Hypoxia

Meconium aspiration

Hypothermia

Hypoglycemia

Hypocalcemia

Polycythemia

Asphyxia

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25
Q

Transilluminating mass in a newborn’s testicles

A

Hydrocele

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26
Q

MC GI emergency

A

NEC

  • Exposure from enteral feeds to immature gut =» inflammation aand bowel wall damage
  • Decreased risk w breastmilk instead of formula

***X-ray shows “train track” appearance of bowel =» “pneumoatosis intestinalis
AND
Lucency over the liver due to portal venous air from gas produced by bacteria

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27
Q

APGAR <6

A

PPV and pulse ox

HR <60= CPR

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28
Q

Renal US indications

A

1st UTI at age <24 months

Recurrent UTIs

FH of HTN, poor growth, urologic disease

No response to abx. tx.

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29
Q

CIs to rotavirus vaccine

A

Anaphylaxis

Hx. of intussusception

GI tract malformations

SCID

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30
Q

Location of seborrheic dermatitis rash

A

Scalp, nasolabial FOLDS, eyebrows, diaper

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31
Q

Jervelle-Lange-Nielson Tx.

A

BBs + (pacemaker if symptomatic)

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32
Q

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

A

46 XY

X linked mutation of the androgen receptor =» external female genitalia and absent body hair

  • Pts. still have breast due to testosterone aromatization
  • Pts. also have cryptorchid

Tx- Post-pubertal gonadectomy

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33
Q

Constitutional Growth Delay

A

MCC of short statue and pubertal delay

  • Normal birthweight and height that slows at 6 months
  • Normal velocity of growth tho

**Bone radiographs =» DELAYED AGE

Tx- Monitor (will eventually be ok)

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34
Q

Congenital CMV

A

Petechiae, jaundice

Increased conjugated bilirubin, ALT, hepatomegaly

Thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly

Intracranial calcifications, microcephaly

Sensorineural hearing loss

Chorioretinitis (10%); make sure to have ophthalmologic exams for kids

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35
Q

Newborn resuscitation measures

A

Warm and dry

Get it to cry

Suction amniotic fluid

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36
Q

MC predisposing factor to orbital cellulitis

A

Bacterial sinusitis

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37
Q

Hematuria in pt. with sickle cell trait

A

Possible renal papillary necrosis

-Presents as episodic hematuria with spontaneous resolution

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38
Q

Test done on infant w pyelonephritis

A

Renal US

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39
Q

Fever, Leukocytosis, fussiness, lack of appetite in infant w/ an unremarkable ROS

A

Suspect UTI

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40
Q

Guidelines for dehydration

A

20ml/kg boluses of Lactated Ringers until there is a normal UOP and mental status

Then 100ml/kg therapy for 4 hours

⭐️could also do D5W, 1/2 NS at 2MX rate if no PO

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41
Q

Croup Tx.

A

Mild ➡️ corticosteroids

Severe ➡️ Corticosteroids + nebulized epinephrine

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42
Q

Brain abscess tris

A

Fever

Nocturnal headache

Focal neurologic change

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43
Q

RFs for brain abscess

A

Otitis media

Sinusitis

Dental infxn

Cyanotic heart disease

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44
Q

Biliary cysts

A

Congenital dilatation of the biliary tree most commonly single and Extrahepatic

Triad:

  1. Pain
  2. Jaundice
  3. Palpable mass

Tx: Surgery

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45
Q

Serum sickness like rxn

A

Type III HSN occurring 1-2 weeks following penicillin or Bactrim admin.

CFs: 
   Fever
   Urticaria
   Polyarthritis
   Headache
   Edema

Tx: remove agent, corticosteroids

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46
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri finding on spinal tap

A

Increased opening pressure

All radiologic findings are negative but pt. Has headache, n/v, and diplopia

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47
Q

Oppslonus-myoclonus syndrome is ️Assoc. With what?

A

Neuroblastoma

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48
Q

Chlamydia conjunctivitis Tx.

A

Oral erythromycin

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49
Q

Renal biopsy in HSP

A

IgA complexes in the mesangium

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50
Q

Pinealoma

A

Causes signs of Parinaud syndrome and obstructive hydrocephalus

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51
Q

Parinaud syndrome

A

Upward gaze

Upper eyelid retraction

No reactive pupils to light but reactive to accomodation

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52
Q

Obstructive hydrocephalus

A

Papilledema

Headache, n/v

Ataxia

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53
Q

Atopic dermatitis Tx

A

Topicals

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54
Q

Initial Tx of bacterial meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin until sensitivities are back

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55
Q

CIs for DTAP

A

Anaphylaxis

Encephalopathy from prev. Shot

Uncontrolled epilepsy or encephalopathy

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56
Q

Pts. W nephropathy are at increased risk for what type of infection

A

Encapsulated Orgs

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57
Q

Sturge-Weber

A

Nevus flammeus in CNV1 and seizure with signs of intracranial calcifications

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58
Q

MCC of cardiac arrest in a child

A

Hypoxia

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59
Q

Who gets hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

AD inheritance or from having a diabetic mom

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60
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy causes

A

Viral myositis

Carnitine deficiency

Anomalous origin of the LCA from the pulmonary artery

-Presents as an MI

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61
Q

Melena indicates bleeds proximal to…

A

The ligament of Treitz

62
Q

Abscess anterior to the ear

A

Parotitis

-Should get PPD to rule out TB

63
Q

6 month milestones

A

Sits momentarily propped on hands

Transfered objects hand to hand

Responds to name and babbles

Stranger anxiety

64
Q

Cat bite management

A

Augmentin prophylaxis

Will cover Pastuerella multocida and anaerobes

65
Q

Viral prodromal preceding tachypnea, dyspnea, wheezing, or crackles

A

Viral myocarditis; signs are from pulmonary edema and AHF

  • May also hear a Holosystolic murmur secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy
  • CXR shows cardiomegaly
  • EKG shows sinus tachycardia

Tx: Diuretics, inotropes, ICU monitoring

66
Q

Wiskott-Alrdrich syndrome etiology

A

Impaired cytoskeletal changes in leukocytes and platelets resulting in immune dysfnxn

67
Q

Possible lead risk

A

House built before 1978

68
Q

MC risk factor for sinusitis

A

Viral URI

69
Q

Symptoms of septic arthritis but gram stain of effusion is negative

A

Possible Borrelia burgdorferi

70
Q

If a pt. Fails to improve 02 sats with oxygen admin….

A

THINK HEART PROBLEM

71
Q

Woman with tender mass in outer Breast quadrant

A

Probable fibroadenoma; examine the menstrual findings

-Should decrease in size during luteal phase of menstrual cycle

72
Q

Postperiocadiotomy syndrome

A

Pleuropericardial disease occurring days to months after cardiac surgery or damage; inflammation causes a reactive pericarditis or effusion

May progress to Beck’s triad along with tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and cardiomegaly with a fuzzy heart border on CXR

73
Q

Becks triad

A

Hypotension

JVD

Distant heart sounds

-Found with pericardial effusion

74
Q

Kid with recurrent hematuria following URIs

A

IgA nephropathy

MC Chronic glomerulonephritis

Microscopic hematuria present in between infxns

Tx: Supportive

75
Q

Kid on chemo with development of small vesicular and erythematous rash

A

Could be HZV

76
Q

Kid with possible pneumothorax

A

Decompress immediately

77
Q

APGAR

A

Activity

Pulse

Grimace

Appearance

Respiration

78
Q

Pustular melanosis

A

Benign transient rash on a newborn characterized by small, dry superficial vesicles on a dark macular base

79
Q

Craniotabes

A

Soft areas of the skull on a newborn that go away after a while

80
Q

Epstein pearls

A

White epidermidioid mucous cysts found on the hard palate of a newborn that disappear after a few weeks

81
Q

Presence of only one umbilical artery

A

SUSPECT RENAL ANOMALY

82
Q

Epispadias is often ️Assoc. With what bladder problem

A

Bladder Exstrophy

83
Q

Kid who had RDS but needs supplemental O2 28 days later

A

Start thinking Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

84
Q

Pierre Robin Syndrome

A

⭐️Micrognathia, cleft lip/palate, large and protruding tongue

Comps: recurrent otitis media, upper airway obstruction

85
Q

CXR in MAS

A

Increased lung volume with diffuse, patchy areas of Atelectasis and Parenchymal filtration

86
Q

Management of TTN

A

Maintenance of a neutral temp environment

⭐️ Caffeine!

87
Q

Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Intubation (NOT MASK)

Correct acidosis, Hypoxemia, and hypercapnia

Surgery

88
Q

Soap bubble appearance in bowel on abdominal CT

A

Meconium ileus

89
Q

Management of NEC

A

Bowel rest, antibiotics, fluids

Surgery

Comps: Intestinal obstructions from adhesions, nutritional deficiencies, cholestasis

90
Q

MC abdominal mass in a newborn

A

Hydronephrosis

91
Q

Week of gestation when the intestines return into the abdomen

A

10

-If a malrotation ️Occurs, Ladds bands can form and mechanically obstruct the duodenum

92
Q

Jejunoileal atresia

A

Caused by a Mesenteric vessel accident during fetal life

Presents with bilious Emesis and abdominal distension

93
Q

UC complications

A

Increased Risk of colon cancer

Toxic megacolon (Fever, abdominal distention, septic shock)

94
Q

Kid who picks his nose and presents with Hematemesis

A

Probs just swallowed blood

95
Q

Neonatal hepatitis

A

Idiopathic hepatic inflammation of neonate; MCC of cholestasis in newborn

CFs: Jaundice, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, portal HTN,

Self limited

96
Q

Tx of autoimmune hepatitis

A

Corticosteroids

97
Q

3 Ds of pellagra

A

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

98
Q

Heart murmur of TOF

A

Harsh, systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border

Also hear a single S2

99
Q

Kawasaki disease can presen w/ his cause of RUQ

A

Hydrops of the gall bladder

100
Q

Early onset pauciarticular JRA

A

Females

ANA +

Spares hips and sacroiliac

HIGH RISK OF UVEITIS ➡️ BLINDNESS

101
Q

Late onset pauciarticular JRA

A

Males

ANA -

HLA b27 +

Hips and sacroiliac joints involved

Risk of spondyloarthropathy

102
Q

PolyArticular JRA

A

Multiple small and large joints

Children may suffer from deforming arthritis

103
Q

Systemic JRA

A

Fever, rash, adenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly

Likely destructive arthritis (50%)

Marked Leukocytosis, anemia, and ESR

104
Q

Dermatomyositis comps

A

Aspiration pneumonia (️Decreased esophageal fnxn)

Intestinal perforation

Osteopenia secondary to ️Chronic corticosteroid therapy

105
Q

Rash in late stage Lyme disease

A

Erythema maigrans all over

Can also present as aseptic meningitis, Bell’s palsy, encephalitis, arthtritis

106
Q

Takayasu Arteritis

A

Aneurysmal dilation of the aorta, carotid, and subclavian with possible thrombosis

107
Q

Crest syndrome

A

Calcinosis (also present in dermatomysotis)

Raynaud’s

Esophageal stricture

Sclerosis of the skin

Telangectasia

108
Q

Girl with frequent menstrual Bleeding and heavy cramping with no relief from NSAIDS

A

US that bitch

109
Q

Hyponatremia is a possible cause of what neurologic problem

A

Seizure

110
Q

Drug to give newborn’s with a UTI

A

Cefotaxime

111
Q

Drug to give if pt. Blood pressureFails to improve after IV bolus

A

DOPAMINE

Will increased blood flow AND help improve urine output

112
Q

Pts. With patchy hair loss and itchiness on scalp

A

Tinea capitis

TRICOPHYTON sp.

113
Q

Midline abdominal mass with abdominal calcifications

A

Neuroblastoma

114
Q

Blue gray tympanic membrane with air fluid level

A

Serous otitis media

115
Q

Sepsis in SCD patients

A

S. Pneumoniae

Think H. Influenzae of N. Meningitidis if NOT VAXXED

116
Q

Vagovagal syncope

A

Caused by prolonged standing or physical/emotional stress

️Assoc. With presyncope (pallor, diaphoresis) and immediate return to baseline

117
Q

Moisturizes to use for maximally dry ski

A

Ointment

118
Q

Immune modulating ointment for atopic dermatitis

A

Tacrolimus ointment

119
Q

Ant inflammatory ointment sometimes used for eczema and psoriasis

A

Tar

120
Q

Heat rash

A

Disrupted sweat ducts cause excess sweat release

Tx: avoid heavy clothing

121
Q

Erhthema multiforme minor

A

Caused by HSV

Usually only involves one surface (usually the mouth)

Viral prodromal

Tx: acyclovir to prevent recurrence

122
Q

Erythema multiforme major

A

Caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae; drugs

Involves at least 2 mucosal surfaces

Prodromal

Azithromycin/ stop drug

123
Q

Kerion

A

HSN rxn to a Dermatophyte

-May present with tinea capitis, cervical lymphadenopathy

124
Q

Neonatal HSV

A

Contracted after passage thru vaginal canal

Medical emergency due to possible Meningoencephalitis or hepatitis
➡️requires immediate IV acyclovir

125
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Ash leaf spots

Angiofibromas

Shagreen patches

Seizures

Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

MR

Subependymal tumors

126
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Hair loss due to unconscious pulling and twisting of the hair

127
Q

Traction alopecia

A

Hair loss caused by constant traction (braids, helmets)

128
Q

Patient with well demarcated hair loss and nail pitting

A

Alopecia areata

-Due to auto lymphocytic destruction of hair follicles

129
Q

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

A

Papule acepdermatitis

Flesh colored Papules arising on the extremities, butt, and cheeks

️Assoc. With HBV

130
Q

Prophylaxis for tonsillectomy

A

Amoxicillin with any high risk conditions

131
Q

Subcutaneous fat necrosis

A

Rubbery nodules surrounded by redness on a newborn

No Tx

132
Q

️Assoc. Condition with Klumpke’s palsy a

A

Horner’s

133
Q

Pulmonary hypertension of e newborn can be caused by…

A

MAS

High risk babies are post term

Suction if baby is in respiratory distress and there is thick meconium staining

134
Q

Indication for tetanus Ig

A

Patient who has not received 3 doses of BAX and suffers a dirty wound

135
Q

Delayed Vax schedule?

A

Give as many as possible at next appointment

136
Q

Neonatal meningitis causes

A

GBS

E. coli

L. Monocytogenes

137
Q

Temporal lobe seizures

A

Hsv

138
Q

Osteomyelitis after a sneaker puncture

A

Pseudomonas

139
Q

MCCoD from measles

A

Pneumonia

140
Q

Tx for RMSF

A

Doxycycline regardless of age

141
Q

Non purulent conjunctivitis in first day of life

A

Chemically induced; give silver nitrate

142
Q

Peri tonsillar abscess

A

Tonsil bulges and uvula moves to unaffected side

143
Q

Epiglottitis in vaxxed kid

A

Mycoplasma

144
Q

CXR in transposition of the great arteries

A

Egg on a string

145
Q

Umbilical catheterization in a newborn is an RF for what

A

Secondary hypertension

146
Q

Campylobacter diarrhea Tx

A

Erythromycin

147
Q

Shigella diarrhea Tx

A

Bactrim

148
Q

Apt test

A

Differentiates adult and fetal hemoglobin

149
Q

Alports inheritance

A

XLD

150
Q

Nephrotic syndromes can follow what type of infection

A

Viral uri

151
Q

Mom describes decreased fetal movement and has a floppy baby

A

SMA

Pediatrics (9 decks)

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