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Pediatrics > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness, xeropthalmia

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2
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets, dental caries, hypocalcemia, hypoophosphatemia

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3
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Hemolysis, neurologic defects, altered PGE synthesis

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4
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Coagulopathy w/ prolonged PT

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5
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Beriberi

cardiac failure, peripheral neuropathy, aphonia, Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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6
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Dermatitis, cheliosis, glossitis, microcytic anemia

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7
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia, demyelination, methylmalonic acidemia

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8
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

hematologic abnormalities, edema, swollen gums, poor wound healing, petechiae

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9
Q

Folic acid deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia, neutropenia, impaired growth

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10
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra

(dermatitis, diarrhea, and demetia)

Glossitis, stomatitis

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11
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Skin lesions, poor wound healing, diarrhea, FTT

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12
Q

Test done to test for enteric protein losses

A

Fecal a1-antitrypsin levels

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13
Q

Schwchman-Diamond Syndrome

A

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, FTT, NEUTROPENIA

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14
Q

Post-gut resection sx.

A

Steatorrhea due to fat and carb malabsorption

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15
Q

Complications of short bowel syndrome

A

TPN cholestasis (gallstones, cholestatic liver disease)

Intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Nutritional deficiencies

Kidney stones

Secretory diarrhea

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16
Q

Pathophys of GER

A
  1. Inappropriate relaxation o the LES

2. Delayed gastric emptying

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17
Q

Sandifer Syndrome

A

Torticollis w/ arching of the back caused by painful esophagitis

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18
Q

Diagnosing GERD

A

pH probe measurement of the lower esophagus

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19
Q

Nissen fundoplication

A

Wraps the fundus of the stomach around the distal part of the esophagus; reduces TLESR and helps GERD

20
Q

Conditions assoc. w/ pyloric stenosis

A

Trisomy 18

Duodenal atresia

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Cornelia de Lange

21
Q

Diagnosing pyloric stenosis

A

US

Possible UGI w/ string sign

22
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Thin ligament surrounding the SMA that connects to the duodojejunal jnxn maintaining it’s shape

-Can be seen to the right of the abdominal midline w/ midgut malrotation (using upper intestinal contrast imaging)

23
Q

Intussusception location

A

Commonly at the ileocecal jnxn; occurs in infants 5-9 months old

  • May see abdominal mass on PE
  • Tx. w/ barium enema (ALSO DIAGNOSES)
24
Q

Most common pediatric emergency operation

A

Appendectomy; can perforate in 36-48 hrs

25
Q

MCC of pancreatitis in childhood

A

Idiopathic; can also be due to ductal obstruction, trauma, drugs, viral infxn, SLE, CF

26
Q

Pancreatitis PE findings

A

Gray-Turner Sign

Cullen Sign

Fever, anorexia, vomiting

27
Q

Pediatric epigastric pain

A

Equivalent to nonulcer dyspepsia

-Belching, bloating, N/V, early satiety

28
Q

Pediatric periumbilical pain

A

Classic FAP

29
Q

Pediatric infraumbilical pain

A

Equivalent to IBS

30
Q

MC organic cause of constipation

A

Hirschsprung’s

31
Q

Ulcerative proctitis

A

UC involving only the rectum

32
Q

UC affecting the entire colon

A

Pancolitis

-Increased risk for toxic megacolon (decreased motility, sepsis)

33
Q

Ab in Crohn’s disease

A

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisae ab

34
Q

Extraintestinal problems w/ Crohn’s

A

Oral ulcers

FTT

Erythema nodosum

Arthritis

Kidney stones

Skin tags, fistulas

35
Q

Extraintestinal problems q/ UC

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Uveitis

Arthropathy

36
Q

Management of upper GI bleed

A

Rapid fluid bolus of 20ml/kg

Octreotide, H2 blockers

ARteriographic emoblization

37
Q

MCC of lower GI bleed beyond infancy

A

Juvenile polyps

-Painless, intermittent, streaky

38
Q

Other cells that produce AST

A

RBCs, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle

39
Q

Inspissated bile syndrome

A

Assoc. w/ hemolysis; biliary system is overwhelmed by increased bilirubin load

-Eventually can see elevation in both unconjugated and conjugated br

40
Q

Neonatal hepatitis

A

Idiopathic inflammation that is the MCCo CHOLESTASIS IN NEWBORN

-Presents w/ jaundice and hepatomegaly, self-limited disease

Tx: Nutritional support, ursodeoxycholic acid to enhance bile flow

41
Q

Biliary atresia

A

Progressive fibrosclerotic disease of the biliary tree; presents b/w 4-6 weeks

-Can lead to bile duct obliteration by 4 months

Sx: Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, steatorrhea, edema, coagulopathy

42
Q

Polysplenia syndrome

A

Biloped lungs, abdominal heterotaxia, situs ambiguus

-Assoc. w/ biliary atresia

43
Q

Tx of biliary atresia

A

Roux-en-Y establishes biliary flow

-Cholangitis occurs in 50% of pts. following procedure

44
Q

Alagille Syndrome

A

AD disorder characterized by paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts and multiorgan involvement

  • Cholestatic liver disease w/ DEBILITATING PRURITIS
  • unusual facial characteristics

Cardiac disease w/ pulmonary outflow obstruction

  • REnal disease
  • Butterfly vertebrae and broad thrumbs
  • Pancreatic insufficiency
45
Q

AI hepatitis antibody (Type I and II)

A

I- anti-smooth muscle ab

II-anti-liver kidney microsome, anti-liver cytosol type 1

Pediatrics (9 decks)

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