Misc Flashcards
VIt deficiency with:
Poor or extreme low fat diet
Vit A def
- findings:
eyes, epithelium, infxns
Foods: preformed
- liver, dairy, egg yolk, fish oil
Precursor:
carrots, pumpkin, spinach, broccoli
VIt deficiency with: Low sun, dark pigment, obesity, breast feeding, liver/kidney dz
Vit D
- findings:
osteopenia/malacia
VIt deficiency with:
Prematurity
Vit E - findings: Neurologic (irreversible, ophthalmoplegia), hemolytic anemia - bleed too much
VIt deficiency with:
Newborn, antibiotics, poor diet
Vit K
- findings:
Impaired clotting
Foods:
Leafy greens, brocolli,
fruits, seeds, beef liver
Name the best diet for:
Resp failure
Higher fat and less calories
- high carb and overfeeding increases your respiratory quotient
Name the best diet for:
Liver disease
Lower in aromatic AA
Higher in branched chain AA
Name the best diet for:
Renal failure
Decrease Na and water - overload problem
Give more protein
- urinary protein loss with nephrotic syndrome
- increased protein catabolism
Name the best diet for:
Burns and trauma
Increased E (30-35) and protein requirement (1-1.5)
Refeeding should begin with:
IV Thiamin, folate, and multivitamin soln
SLOW
Complications of refeeding
HYPOphosphatemia
HYPOkalemia
diarrhea
Wernicke enceph
Cofactors for
- aminotransferase
- Hyp and Hyl
- gamma- carboxylation
aminotransferase
- PLP (deriv of B6)
Hyp and Hyl
- Vit C
y-carboxylation
- Vit K
OTC def
findings on test
High orotic acid in urine
low cirtrulline
low BUN
XR - INFANTS!!!
do genetic test: Ezn assay degrades very quickly
- carbamoyl phosphate cannot make citrulline
DGAC 2010 Sat FA levels and cholesterol lvl + Trans FA lvl +Sodium intake recommendation
what drug inhibits xanthine oxidase (purine synth)?
allopurinol
Hereditary hemochromatosis due to defect in?
hepcidin
absorption excessive Fe –> accumulate Fe –>
Liver damage
Causes of high HDL
CETP deficiency
CETP is used to lower HDL levels by exchanging cholesterol esters from HDL for triglycerides from VDL and LDL
familial combined hyperlipidemia
+
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (broad beta disease)
these leads to high cholesterol and TG levels
high VLDL?
Statins are the first line treatment for high lvls of lipids, what other tx could be used?
- Ezetimibe
- Bile acid binding resins
- not rec. 4 pt w/ familial combined hyperlipidemia - PCSK9 inhibitors
- great for FCH, when statins dont work - Fibrate (TG)
when triglycerides are greater than 400 mg/dl, ________ particles are present. Above 1,000 mg/dl almost all of the additional triglycerides are from _________.
- What is causing the elevated cholesterol levels?
chylomicron , chylomicrons
- chylomicrons have about 2-8% cholesterol, with very HIGH degree of hypertriglyceridemia, an accumulation of VLDL and chylomicrons occurs, causing the elevated total cholesterol levels.
calc amt of protein you give pt in hospital?
Urinary N (g) x 6.25
Acquired causes of hypertriglyceridemia
- Diet
- Oral estrogen treatment
- Uncontrolled diabetes.
- Hypothyroidism,
- Renal failure, liver disease, alcohol use
- Anti-retroviral medications.
Genetic causes of hypertriglyceridemia
- Familial hypertriglyceridemia,
- Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Apo C2 deficiency
- LPL deficiency.
- Broad beta disease caused by an abnormal ApoE
- causes moderate elevation of TG
Broad beta disease caused by
ApoE abnormality
- Get chylomicron remnants
- Plantar, palmer, tuberoeruptive xanthomas
Cretin child
Deaf and blind child as a result of mom with iodide deficiency
WEight loss drug associated with suicide risk
naltrexone/bupropion
- lower seizure threshold
- raise bp too
