misc 2

Question 1

Corneal reflex

Answer 1

V1 –> VII

Question 2

Lacrimation reflex

Answer 2

V1 –> VII

Question 3

Jaw jerk

Answer 3

V3 (sensory) –> V3 (motor)

Question 4

Pupillary reflex

Answer 4

II –> pretectal nucleus (fibers travel with optic tract, then split before LGN) –> bilateral EW nuclei –> III

Question 5

Gag reflex

Answer 5

IX –> X`

Question 6

optic canal

Answer 6

CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein

Question 7

Superior orbital fissure

Answer 7

CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

Question 8

Foramen Rotundum

Answer 8

CN V2

Question 9

Foramen Ovale

Answer 9

CN V3

Question 10

Foramen spinosum

Answer 10

middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, meningeal (recurrent) branch of V3)

Question 11

Internal auditory meatus

Answer 11

CN VII, VN VIII

Question 12

Jugular foramen

Answer 12

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

Question 13

Hypoglossal canal

Answer 13

CN XII

Question 14

Foramen magnum

Answer 14

CN XI, brainstem, vertebral arteries

Question 15

PICA syndrome

Answer 15

lateral medulla:

contralateral pain and temperature, ipsilateral horner’s, ipsilateral paralysis of CN V, IX, X, XI

Question 16

AICA syndrome

Answer 16

medial pontine:

vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, facial paralysis, decr pain/temperature, ipsilateral horners, ipsilateral hearing loss

Question 17

ASA syndrome

Answer 17

Medial medullary:

contralateral spastic paralysis, ipsilateral XII (tongue)

Question 18

ApoA-I

Answer 18

LCAT activation (cholesterol esterification)

Question 19

ApoB-48

Answer 19

Chylomicron assembly by intestinal cells

Question 20

ApoB-100

Answer 20

LDL uptake by extrahepatic cells

Question 21

ApoC-II

Answer 21

LPL actiation

Question 22

ApoE3, E4

Answer 22

VLDL and chylomicron remnant uptake by liver

Question 23

gout vs pseudogout

Answer 23

pseudo - rhomboid crystals positive birefringence (calcium pyrophosphate)
gout – negative birefringence (MONOSODIUM urate)

Question 24

Essential amino acids

Answer 24

Glucogenic: Met, Val, His
Gluco/ketogenic: Ile, Phe, Thr, Trp
Ketogenic: Leu, Lys

Question 25

tubular adenomas vs villous adenomas

Answer 25

tubular: smaller, pedunculated. gland structures
villous: larger, sessile, cauliflower. micro: villi projecting from surface to stroma. (more likely malignant)

Question 26

pathophys osteoporosis

Answer 26

decr estrogen –> incr RANKL –> incr clasts –> decr blasts