HIV drugs

Question 1

neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 1

zanamivir, oseltamivir

decr progeny release (influenza)

Question 2

Ribavirin

Answer 2

inhibits IMP dehydrogenase –> decr guanin
RSV, chronic HCV
Tox: hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen

Question 3

Acyclovir

Answer 3

guanosine analog. phosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. inhibits viral DNA poly by chain termination.
No effect on CMV
valacyclovir has better oral bioavailability
resistance via mutx in thymidine kinase

Question 4

Gancyclovir

Answer 4

5’ monophosphate formed by CMV kinase. guanosine analog. inhibits viral DNApol
valganciclovir, prodrug, has better oral avail
leukopenia, neturopenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
resistance via mutx or absent viral kinase

Question 5

foscarnet

Answer 5

pyrofosphate analog. DNA pol inhibitor
CMV retinitis (2nd line to ganciclovir), acyclovir-resistant HSV
Nephrotoxic
resistance via mutx to DNA pol

Question 6

Cidofovir

Answer 6

inhibits DNA pol. does not require phosphorylation
CMV retinitis and acyclovir-resistant HSV
Nephrotoxic (co administer with probenecid and IV saline)

Question 7

Protease inhibitors

Answer 7

“-navirs”
inhibit pol
cause hyperglycemia, GI upset, lipodystrophy.
Crystal-induced nephropathy, esp indinavir

Question 8

indinavir

Answer 8

protease inhibitor

crystal-induced nephropathy

Question 9

Ritonavir

Answer 9

protease inhibitor

“boosts” other drugs by inhibiting P450

Question 10

Tenofovir

Answer 10

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3'OH group
Tenofovir does NOT have to be activated (nucleotide anolog)
BM suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

Question 11

Emtricitabine

Answer 11

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis

Question 12

Abacavir

Answer 12

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis

Question 13

Lamivudine

Answer 13

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis

Question 14

Zidovudine

Answer 14

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis
**used for general PPX and pregnancy. causes anemia

Question 15

Didanosine

Answer 15

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis

Question 16

Stavudine

Answer 16

NRTI
terminate chain (no 3’ OH group)
nucleoside; must be activated
BM suprpession, peripheral neruopathy, lactic acidosis

Question 17

Nevirapine

Answer 17

NNRTI
Bind RT at different site. do not require activation
BM suppression, peripheral neuropathy, rash

Question 18

Efavirenz

Answer 18

NNRTI
Bind RT at different site. do not require activation
BM suppression, peripheral neuropathy, rash

Question 19

Delavirdine

Answer 19

NNRTI
Bind RT at different site. do not require activation
BM suppression, peripheral neuropathy, rash

Question 20

Raltegravir

Answer 20

Integrase inhibitor
Inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversible inhibition of HIV integrase
causes hypercholesterolemia

Question 21

IFN alpha

Answer 21

chronic HBV/HCV, kaposi’s

Question 22

IFN beta

Answer 22

MS

Question 23

IFN gamma

Answer 23

NADPH oxidase deficiency

Question 24

enfuviritide

Answer 24

fusion inhibitor

targets gp41

Question 25

maravinoc

Answer 25

CCR5 receptor inhibitor