Mircobiology Basics Flashcards
what do aerobic bacteria require
oxygen
difference between gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria
gram +ve have thick peptidoglycan wall that stains with crystal violet
gram -ve don’t have thick peptidoglycan wall and don’t stain with crystal violet
what shape are:
- bacilli
- cocci
bacilli = rods cocci = circular
where does protein synthesis occur in bacteria
ribosomes
what colour do gram +ve bacteria stain
purple
crystal violet stain binds to cell wall in gram +ve bacteria
what colour do gram -ve bacteria stain
pink
counterstain is added that binds to the cell membrane in gram -ve bacteria that don’t have cell wall
examples of gram positive cocci
staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococcus
examples of gram positive bacilli
mycobacteria
listeria
bacillus
examples of gram positive anaerobes
clostridium
lactobacillus
what are ESBLs
extended spectrum beta lactamase bacteria
- bacteria that produce beta lactamase enzymes
- resistant to broad range of antibiotics
examples of ESBLs
E.coli
Klebsiella
treatment of ESBLs
meropenem
imipenem
(carbapenems)
example of a strict aerobe (requires oxygen)
pseudomonas
what are coliforms
organisms that inhabit large bowel
what are pseudomonas and coliforms sensitive to
Gentamicin
Gentamicin belongs to which class of antibiotic
Aminoglycosides
how does gentamicin act
inhibits protein synthesis
what are anaerobic bacteria sensitive to
metronidazole
where does metronidazole act
cell DNA
where do penicillins + cephalosporins act
cell wall
what antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis
gentamicin
tetracylines e.g doxycycline
macrolides e.g. clarithromycin
what bacteria is coagulate positive
staph aureus
what is alpha haemolysis?
what organisms are responsible?
partial haemolysisis
- strep pneumoniae
- strep viridans
what is beta haemolysis?
what organisms are responsible?
complete haemolysis
- Group A + B strep
treatment of staph aureus
flucloxacillin
treatment of MRSA
vancomycin
