HIV Flashcards
what type of virus is HIV
RNA retrovirus
how is HIV spread
unprotected sex (vaginal,anal,oral)
IV drug use
mother to child (vertical transmission)
blood transfusions
what cells does HIV attack
CD4 T cells
time course of HIV infection and symptoms
3-12 weeks post infection seroconversion illness occurs
- 60-80% of people are asymptomatic
- presents similarly to infectious mononucleosis – fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, malaise
latent phase – CD4 count continues to drop, 30% of patients develop persistent lymphadenopathy
after around 10 years, infections and cancers develop
what is AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- late stage HIV
- CD4 count <200
what causes pneumonia in HIV patients
pneumocystis jiroveci
presentation of pneumocystis pneumonia
dry cough
SOB on exertion
sweats
no chest signs on examination
what other respiratory infections are HIV patients more at risk of
fungal - aspergillus, cryptococcal
TB
CMV
most common neurological complication in HIV
toxoplasmosis
what is seen on CT in toxoplasmosis
multiple ring enhancing lesions
symptoms of toxoplasmosis
headache
confusion
drowsiness
focal neurological signs
treatment of toxoplasmosis
sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
what virus are primary CNS lymphomas linked to
EBV
what causes meningitis in HIV patients
cryptococcus
what virus is causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopahty
JC virus
most common cause of diarrhoea in HIV patients
cryptosporidium
what virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma
HHV-8
presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma
purple papules/plaques on skin/mucous membranes
what virus causes hairy leukoplakia
EBV
what problem can occur when CD4 count is <50
CMV retinitis
how is HIV tested for
antibody blood test – test done in hospital to screen
PCR for p24 antigen
PCR for HIV RNA – gives viral load
treatment of HIV
high-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
what should be given to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with CD4 count <200
co-trimoxazole
how long should babies born to HIV +ve mothers receive antiretrovirals for
4 weeks of zidovudine
safest way for babies to be born if mother is HIV +Ve
C-section
- only consider vaginal delivery if viral load is undetectable
- give zidovudine infusion 4 hours before start of C section
is it safe to breast feed if mother has HIV
no
what is given for post-exposure prophylaxis in HIV
Truvada + raltegravir for 28 days
what does tenofovir increase risk of
osteoporosis
