Minerals (Iron, Flashcards
Iron (FE)
Bone formation
Anemia
Oxygen transport
enzyme cofactor
Antioxidant: Cu, Fe: pass the baton back and forth.
MOA used Iron,
Immune system: molecules that contain Fe, when they encounter certain species they burst iron. Kill off bacteria and viruses.
Make red blood cells.
Certain species like Iron, some do not like iron.
Digestion/absorption: you have to have stomach acidity to absorp.
Absorb in Small intestine. Very hard to absorb. Too much iron is TOXIC.
Enhancers: B12, Folate, Cu, Lacic, Citric, Nickel, Tartaric, sugars, mucin, meat.
Vitamin C can help absorb it.
Antagonist: Calcium: will not be able to absorb. Need proteases in SI to absorb.
Digestive Enzymes:
Store: In the Liver, Red blood cells, bone marrow, spleen.
Excretion: some in the stool, some in urine. Excretion through bleeding.
Stages of Lifecycle: very little first 6 onths.
6-12 mo a little more
think of growth spurts when you need more.
Men need the most as teenagers, when they become adult (slightly less)
Women: need more when they start periods until they end period.
Pregnancy: need more (highest)
slighlty more then men and women during lactation.
Food: red meat, organ meat, greens, molasses, nuts, legumes, yolks, fortified cereals.
Oxalates will bind iron (wont have alot)
deficiency: anemia , Plummer Vinson ,
Microcytosis, Palpitations, SOB, Glossitis, Stomatitis, Dysphagia, Anemia, Intestinal malabsorption.
Plant based iron that turns into a kelate
prenatals have 25-35 mg of iron.
Only use iron based prenatals if they have heavy periods or pregnant.
Avoid in : Thalassemia, Hemochromatosis.
Klaire labs: cherry chewable iron. Do not give every day. Give every other day.
RDA: CH: <1-11 mg UL 40 mg
Audlts: 8-27
Symptoms of excess: Hemochromatosis, Liver damage, Free radical damage, copper skin color.
Diagnostic: serum Iron IBC %
ferritin: acute phase reactant (when ferritin goes up in sickness, it is not a good indication of iron deficiency/more inflammation) Ferritin is being mobilized from an inflammatory stand point.
Transferin (high): alot of iron, low alot of iron
Iron binding capacity: high (low iron), low (high iron).
Ferritin (high) too much iron or a bunch of inflammation. Can lead to anemia inflammation which can lead to low iron if iron is used up to fight the inflammation.
CBC (hemoglobin, mchc, hematocrit) when low, iron itself is low. When High, it is not iron level.
Iron panel includes serum iron, ferritin, transferin, total binding capacity.
Interactions: PPIs (iron and calcium is a problem) anything that changes stomach acidity (will bind with iron),
coffee, oxalate, phytate, fiber, polyphenols, toxic metals,
Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, CU: minerals bind to levothyroxine and you will not absorb it.
Take one hour before you eat.
Zinc (Zn)
> 200 enzyme functions
Energy metabolism, Protein, Collagen, Immunity, ALK phosphatase, Sexual maturation, sensory, MT, SOD, Detox, Insulin Function. sensory, neurotransmitters, helps with vitamin A conversion. genetic expression, zinc fingers: brush border of gut have zinc fingers, pull things in. testosterone production, DNA synthesis, muscle mass production. nerve conduction, taste. Sensory!!
poor acidity, harder to metabolize
Store: liver, skeletal muscle, bone, kidneys
Distibute: Primarily in all organs and tissues
excretion: stool and urine
infancy>childhood>adolescence
men need more than women
women need more in pregnancy and slightly more in lactation.
Zinc (antiviral, immune function) EBV flare with recurrent mono.
Food: seafood, meat, liver, soy, pumpkin seeds, legumes, cashews, skin of potato, yeast, soybeans
Deficiency: Acrodermatits, enteropathica, poor healing, eczema, acne, malabsoprtion, inflmmation, infertility, sensory disorders, PICA, Picky appetite, Diabetes, loss of smell, taste, vision dysfunction, vitamin A deficiency, pregnancy, lactation,
Nails: white lines
Antagonists: Antacids, CU, Stress, steroids, Ca, Diarrhea, Malabsorption, alcohol, hormones, sugars, iron, diabetes, processed foods, vegetarian diet, fiber
Enhancers: animal proteins,
Toxicity: burning on hands and feet, N/V, Metallic taste, Abdominal pain and cramps, Low CU, Low HDL, high cholesterol.
tests: serum, RBC Zn, WBC Zn, Alk Phos, (on CMP) , Hair, taste test
Copper (Cu)
Function: involved in iron production, Bone, Hair, Skin, Immunity, Hemoglobin, Thyroid function, Neurotransmitters, Oxidase, SOD,
Electron transport chain, Neurologic: monoaminoxadase, catacholamine, dopamine>epinephrine>norepinephrine,
Copper SOD is the cytosol, zinc follows copper.
Magnanese/magnesium SOD- mitochondria
cytochrome complex function because copper and iron go between different valence states.
Angiogenesis (blood vessel) generation and creation of blood vessels. Copper dependent.
Lack of copper can make you iron deficient
Digestion: need acidity, mineral transporters, copper can be impaired by presence of zinc, iron , calcium, magnesium.
Storage: kidneys, liver, brain , adrenals (neurotransmitter prodcution)
excretion: bile, stool, urine
Stages of lifecycle:
energy, blood vessel formation: (growth!!) infancy to childhood (bump), childhood to adolescents (bump), as adult : no difference, higher need in pregnancy, even higher in lactation.
food: chocolate, nuts, dried fruits, seafood, liver, organ meats, eggs, milk, oysters, salmon,
deficiency: loss of pigment in skin and hair, Iron resistant anemia, microcyctic anemia, poor muscle coordination, excess (low cholesterol) , Thyroid dysfunction.
hypochromic anemia (not as colorful)
supplementation: Chelate, citrate, gluconate, sulfate (blended in to a multivitamin)
Thorne has a copper citrate supplement
excess: wilson’s disease, jaundice, Hematuria
Test: serum, ESOD, Ceruloplasmin, RBC Cu, Hair,
obvious signs of qilsons: golen rings around cornea (kayser fleisher rings)
vitamin A (fat soluble) Retinol
Instructs genes to activate and to do things.
-bone development (growth)
-thyroid
-Immuninty
-gene expression
-cornea, retina
-antioxidant (A,C, E)
-Anti-cancer
-Help you burn fat (can be deficient in type 11 diabetic)
- wound healing
- stored in the Liver
Digestion: need a little bit of acid, must need to break down fat. If you dont have gallbladder (digesting fat is hard), need lipase and bile.
Same for E, K, and D .
