Minerals and Electrolytes (Major minerals cont.)

Question 1

Calcium (Ca2+)

Answer 1

Bone/teeth formation
Blood pressure
Blood clotting
Nerve transmission

Question 2

Sources of Ca

Answer 2

Dairy
Broccoli
Kale
Grains
Egg yolks

Question 3

Deficiency of Ca

Answer 3

Tetany
\+ Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
ECG changes
Osteoporosis in adults 
Poor growth in children

Question 4

Excess of Ca

Answer 4

Constipation
Renal Stones
Lethargy
Depressed deep-tendon reflexes

Question 5

Nursing Considerations of Ca

Answer 5

Monitor ECG and respiratory status

Give PO tabs with vitamin D

Question 6

Magnesium (Mg)

Answer 6

Bone formation
Catalyst for enzyme reactions
Nerve/muscle function
Smooth muscle relaxation

Question 7

Sources of Mg

Answer 7

Green leafy vegetables
Nuts
whole grains
Tuna
Halibut
Chocolate

Question 8

Deficiency of Mg

Answer 8

Weakness
Dysrhythmias
Vertigo
Convulsions
Increased blood pressure
Anorexia

Question 9

Excess of Mg

Answer 9

Diarrhea
Nausea
Muscle weakness
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Lethargy

Question 10

Nursing considerations of Mg*

Answer 10

Seizure precautions

Monitor level of consciousness and vital signs

Question 11

Phosphorus (P)

Answer 11

Energy transfer of RNA/DNA
acid-base balance
bone and teeth formation

Question 12

Sources of Phosphorus

Answer 12

Dairy
Peas
Meat
Eggs
Legumes

Question 13

Deficiency of P

Answer 13

Unknown

Question 14

Excess of P

Answer 14

Decreased serum calcium levels

Question 15

Nursing considerations of P

Answer 15

Evaluate the use of antacids and the use of alcohol (alcohol impairs absorption)

Question 16

Sulfur (S)

Answer 16

A component of vitamin structure

by product of protein metabolism

Question 17

Sources of Sulfur

Answer 17

Proteins

Question 18

Deficiency of S

Answer 18

Only seen in severe protein malnourishment

Question 19

Excess of S

Answer 19

Toxicity does not result in any health issues

Question 20

Nursing considerations of S

Answer 20

Sulfur levels are not usually monitored