Minerals and Electrolytes (Major Minerals) Flashcards
Major minerals occur in larger amounts (more than 5 g) in the body, and ___ mg or more is required through dietary sources each day
100 mg/day or more
7 major minerals:
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Chloride
- Sulfur
Sodium (Na+)
Maintains fluid volume
Allows muscle contractions
Contributes to nerve impulses
Major Sources of Na+
Table salt
Added salt
Processed foods
Deficiency of Na+
Muscle cramping
Memory loss
Anorexia
Excess of Na+
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Disorientation
Nursing Considerations of Na+
Monitor level of consciousness, edema, and blood pressure
Potassium (K+)
Maintains fluid volume INSIDE CELLS
Muscle action
Major sources of K
Oranges Tomatoes Avacodos Dried fruits/peas Meats Broccoli Bananas Dairy products Whole grains
Deficiency of K
Dysrhythmias
Muscle Cramps
Confusion
Excess of K
Dysrhythmias Muscle weakness Irritability Confusion Numbness in extremeties
Nursing Considerations of K
Monitor cardiac status and ECG. PO tabs irritate the GI system. Give with meals
Chloride (Cl-)
Assists with intracellular and extracellular fluid balance
aids in digestion
Major Sources of Cl
Table Salt
Deficiency of Cl
Rare
Muscle cramps
anorexia
