Minerals

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

Functions: solvent, transportation, lubrication, temperature/pH regulation, blood/saliva/sweat/tears/mucus base

Sources: beverages, food, metabolic water
Output: breathing, excretion, perspiration

Question 2

Diuretic

Answer 2

Substances that increase urine output (caffeine and alcohol)

Question 3

BPA

Answer 3

Bisphenol A
Chemical used to make plastics
Acts as an endocrine disruptor (mimics estrogen/testosterone in the body, could lead to breast cancer)

Question 4

Calcium

Answer 4

MAJOR mineral

99% in bones (savings),

Question 5

Sodium

Answer 5

MAJOR mineral

Functions: nerve impulses, transporting glucose/AA –> cells

Deficiency: only with excessive sweating
Surplus: hypertension

Question 6

Blood pressure

Answer 6

Systolic: maximum pressure within arteries when ventricles contract
Diastolic: pressure when ventricles relax bw contractions

Question 7

Potassium

Answer 7

MAJOR mineral

Functions: nerve impulses, contracting muscles, kidney function, positively charged ion in intracellular fluid

Most people are deficient

Question 8

Magnesium

Answer 8

MAJOR mineral

Functions: maintenance of strong bones/muscle and nerve function, strengthens immune system

Deficiency: most likely in 14yo - 18yo girls

Toxicity: from extreme laxatives/antacids/supplements

Question 9

Iron

Answer 9

MINOR mineral

Functions: component of hemoglobin/myoglobin, immune function

Low bioavailability

Stored as ferritin in the liver, recycled from broken down hemoglobin incorporated into new hemoglobin

Question 10

Hemoglobin

Answer 10

Iron containing protein in RBC that transports O2 –> tissues and CO2

Question 11

Myoglobin

Answer 11

Iron containing protein in muscle cells that controls O2 uptake from RBC

Question 12

Zinc

Answer 12

MINOR mineral

Functions: wound healing, taste/smell, immune system, DNA synthesis

Deficiency: delayed sexual maturation and growth retardation (exclusively breastfed infants)

Question 13

Iodide

Answer 13

MINOR mineral

Function: production of thyroid hormone (which controls metabolism)

Deficiency

• Goiter: enlarged thyroid gland
• Cretinism: infants born to women iodide deficient during pregnancy

Question 14

Fluoride

Answer 14

Not essential

Functions: strengthens bones/teeth

Long term consumption –> fluorosis

Question 15

Selenium

Answer 15

MINOR mineral

Functions: part of selenoproteins (antioxidants), may reduce risk of cancer