Energy Balance Flashcards
Overweight vs. Obesity
Overweight: having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat, body water
Obesity: condition characterized by excessive/unhealthy amounts of BF
Body composition
Fat free mass: body water, protein/mineral rich tissue
Total body fat: adipose tissue, essential fat in cell membranes
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate: minimal number of calories needed for a 24 hour period
Factors:
- thyroid hormone
- body composition (fat vs. muscle)
- Sex
- Body surface area (height)
- Age
- calorie intake
- fever and stimulants
Anabolic vs. catabolic reactions
Anabolic: reactions that require energy
Catabolic: actions that release energy
TEF
Thermal Effect of Food
Energy used to digest food/beverages and absorb/process nutrients
5-10% of total calories
NEAT
Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
Energy spent on involuntary skeletal muscle activity (shivering)
Subcutaneous fat
Under skin, helps insulate/protect muscles and bones from injury
Visceral fat
Forms protective structure under abdominal muscles and over stomach/intestines
Metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
Type II diabetes
Lower body fat
“pear shape”
Adds stress to hip and knees, but lower risk of chronic diseases like type II diabetes
Central body fat
“apple shape”
Higher risk of serious health problems (type II diabetes, cardiovascular problems)
Visceral fat
Underwater weighing
Weight on land vs. weight in when completely submerged in water
Problems: inconvenient, expensive, impractical
DEXA
Multiple low energy Xrays scan body to provide detailed picture of body
Problems: very expensive, only available in clinical settings
Air displacement
Similar to Underwater Weighing: assess body volume in a BOD POD (volume of air when in chamber and when not)
Bioelectrical Impedance
Measures conduction of weak electrical current through body
Problems: not reliable when used at home, must be hydrated
