Diabetes Flashcards
Complications
FULL BODY
- heart/kidney disease
- depression
- lower limb issues (feet)
- neuropathy
- erectile dysfunction
- blindness
Chronic inflammation and systemic stress
Type 1
5 - 10% of cases (usually seen in kids)
Autoimmune disease: unresolvable; beta cells in pancreas cannot use the sugars in the body
Symptoms: blurry eyes, weight loss, hunger, sweet smelling urine
Type 2
90 - 95% of cases
Age of onset = >40
Insulin resistance or insulin deficiency (i.e. beta cells still work)
Symptoms: weight loss, blurry eyes, hunger/thirst, numb feet, sexual problems, frequent urination
Risk factors: being overweight
Can be cured with diet/exercise
Type 1.5
Slow Onset Diabetes or Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA)
Characteristics of both T1 and T2
-autoantibodies (like T1) = autoimmune disease
-insulin dependence in 6 years
Often misdiagnosed as T2 –> T2 treatment methods
Type 3
Lack of insulin/insulin resistance in the brain prevents glucose from reaching brain –> problems with growth/development/neural function
Brain abnormalities/cognitive impairment similar to Alzheimers
New and upcoming diabetes issues
Beta cell restoration with stem cells (can be harvested from aborted fetuses)
Gene mapping to discover which genes are responsible for diabetes heritability
Pima Indians
Diabetes rates 2.8 times higher than in overall US population (Arizona/Southwestern US) - 25% of males, 30% in females
Very healthy traditional diet (beans, squash, maize, game), but loss of water because of damming –> lots of donated foods with high shelf lives (sugar/fat/salt) –> obesity
ALSO genetic predisposition with activated immune system/IL6 gene
-activated immune system (immune to infectious diseases) = constant state of chronic inflammation –> diabetes
-IL6 = glucose/lipid metabolism, inflammation. baseline levels = predictive of type 2 development
Also: G allele (Pima = GG genotype) and COX2 gene
