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YR2 NUTRITION > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What are minerals?

A

Naturally occurring inorganic molecules that are essential in the body from normal growth and body functions

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2
Q

What process are minerals involved in?

A

Formation of bones
Enzyme reactions
Transportation of oxygen to maintain the fluid balance within the body

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3
Q

Why are macro-minerals required by the body?

A

-Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance within the body
-Nerve impulse conduction
-Muscle contractions
-Providing cells and tissues with structure

-100mg or more required daily

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4
Q

What is Calcium’s role in the body?

A

-develops and maintains healthy bones and teeth

-plays vital role in many systems
=metabolic processes
=transports information via nervous system
=control of muscle contraction

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5
Q

Where is calcium retained?

A

In bones

Combines with phosphorus to give bone solidity

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6
Q

What does an excess of calcium lead to?

A

-increased urination and thirst
-kidney disease
-lack of appetite
-vomiting
-decreased gastrointestinal function

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7
Q

What does a deficiency in calcium lead to?

A

-muscle twitching and trembling
-stiff gait
-panting
-face rubbing against objects
-vomiting

-in young animals heart irregularities and poor bone growth

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8
Q

What are sources of calcium?

A

Fish
Egg
Dairy
Whole grains
Green leafy veg

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9
Q

Where is phosphorus found in the body?

A

In the bones

Aids in giving Skelton its rigidity

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10
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

-filters waste from the kidney
-maintains acid-base and balance and osmotic pressure
-energy utilisation and transfer
-protein synthesis, transport of fatty acids and amino exchange
-appetite control, efficiency of food utilisation
-growth and cell differentiation

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11
Q

What does excess of phosphorus lead to?

A

-disruption in electrolytes
-includes tremors and muscle spasms

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12
Q

What does a deficiency in phosphorus lead to?

A

-slow growth rate and lethargy
-loss of weight
-pain in bones and muscles
-muscle weakness
-respiratory and cardiac problems

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13
Q

What are sources of phosphorus?

A

Oats
Bran
Raw meat
Fish
Eggs
Dairy
Dried fruit

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14
Q

What is the function of potassium?

A

-maintains fluid balance in the body
-imprint for normal, regular heart / muscle / nerve functions as well as enzyme function

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15
Q

What does an excess of potassium lead to?

A

-rare but can result in potassium toxicity
-result of addisons disease
-symptom include arrhythmia, weakness and collapse

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16
Q

What does a deficiency in potassium lead to?

A

-chronic vomiting
-kidney disease
-burns
-can cause cardiac arrest, weakness, loss of appetite, nervous disorders and poor growth

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17
Q

What are sources of potassium?

A

Apple cider vinegar
Seaweed
Banana
Parsley

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18
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

-maintains fluid balance in the body
-regulation of pH
-keeps blood volume and pressure at a normal, healthy level by gather/holding water
-entry and exit of water into and out of cells
-sends nervous impulses and maintains electrolyte balance
-vital for normal nerve transmission, muscle function, normal contraction of heart

19
Q

What does an excess of sodium lead to?

A

-caused by dehydration or overheating

-excessive thirst and urination
-weak
-sleepy
-confused and disoriented
-twitching or muscle trembling
-high blood pressure

20
Q

What does deficiency in sodium lead to?

A

-leathery
-weakness
-confusion
-nausea
-vomiting
-degradation
-seizures

21
Q

What are sources of sodium?

A

Celery
Rock salt
Seaweed
Watermelon
Asparagus
Fish

22
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

-Muscle contraction
-Nerve transmission

23
Q

What does an excess of magnesium lead to?

A

-digestive issues
-lethargy
-irregular heart beat

24
Q

What does a deficiency in magnesium lead to?

A

-numbness or tingling
-muscle cramps
-seizures
-personality changes
-abnormal heart rhythms

25
Q

What are sources of magnesium?

A

Green leafy veg
Nuts
Seeds
Whole grains
Seaweed

26
Q

What are the 6 macro-minerals?

A

-calcium
-phosphorus
-potassium
-sodium
-chloride
-magnesium

27
Q

Why are micro-minerals required?

A

-regulate the uptake of their minerals in the diet
-are usually found as part of any enzyme

-only required by body in trace amounts

28
Q

What is copper required for?

A

-formation of collagen, bone and connective tissue
-skin and hair pigmentation
-absorption of iron
-maturing of red blood cells

29
Q

What does an excess in copper lead to?

A

-copper toxicity
-causing hepatitis, signs include weight loss, jaundice and lethargy

30
Q

What does a deficiency in copper lead to?

A

-rare
-anaemia
-fatigue
-nerve damage
-weight loss

31
Q

What are sources of copper?

A

Liver
Fish
Green veg
Seeds and nuts

32
Q

What are the functions of iron?

A

-blood production = synthesis of haemoglobin which carries oxygen from lungs to rest of body tissues
-component in number of proteins essential for respiratory and energy metabolism
-required for proper immune system to function

33
Q

What does an excess of iron lead to?

A

-vomiting
-liver problems
-GI haemorrhage
-heart failure

34
Q

What does a deficiency in iron lead to?

A

-anaemia
-decreased growth rate
-anorexia
-weakness

35
Q

What are sources of iron?

A

-red meat
-poultry
-eggs
-fish

36
Q

What are the functions of iodine?

A

-major constituent of thyroxine which is a hormone produced in thyroid gland
-controls growth in young animals and rate of metabolism is adults

37
Q

What does an excess of iodine lead to?

A

-iodine toxicity
(bone abnormalities and changes to hair or skin)

38
Q

What does a deficiency in iodine lead to?

A

-rare
-growth and fertility problems

39
Q

What are sources of iodine?

A

-fish
-dairy
-eggs

40
Q

What are the functions of zinc?

A

-required for immune system to function correctly, helps to strengthen it
-plays role in cell division and growth, and wound healing
-breaks down carbohydrates
-required for senses like smell and taste

41
Q

What does an excess in zinc lead to?

A

-weak bones
-anaemia
-vomiting
-lethargy
-diarrhoea
-increased breathing rate
-hair loss

42
Q

What does a deficiency in zinc lead to?

A

-rare
-hair loss
-poor growth
-lethargy

43
Q

What are sources of zinc?

A

-raw meat
-fish

44
Q

What are the 6 micro-minerals?

A

-copper
-iron
-manganese
-selenium
-iodine
-zinc

YR2 NUTRITION (10 decks)

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