Digestive System Flashcards
What is the process of ingestion?
-process of taking food into the body
-brought about by mainly the use of lips, teeth and tongue
What is the process of digestion?
-process by which the large food molecules are broken down into small soluble units
-occurs in stomach and small intestine
What is the process of absorption?
-process during which the small soluble chemical units pass through the mucous membrane of the small intestine into the blood stream of the animal
What is the process of metabolism?
-process by which the small soluble units are converted by the cells to provide energy for all the organs of the body
What is the process of excretion?
-process of digestion of any remaining food material passes through the final part of the gastrointestinal tract (large intestine)
-leaves the body as faeces
Order of organs during digestion?
Mouth»_space;
Pharynx»_space;
Oesophagus»_space;
Stomach»_space;
Pancreas»_space;
Duodenum»_space;
Jejunum»_space;
Ileum»_space;
Liver»_space;
Colon»_space;
Rectum»_space;
Anus
What is canines dentition?
Deciduous
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/3 = 28
Permanent
I3/3 C1/1 PM4/4 M2/3 = 42
What is felines dentition?
Deciduous
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 = 26
Permanent
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 M1/1 = 30
What is the function of the salivary glands?
-produces saliva which assists with mechanical digestion
-assists with lubrication of food
-assists with thermoregulation
What are the 4 salivary glands?
-zygomatic
-sublingual
-mandibular
-parotid
What is the function of the tongue?
-grooming
-thermoregulation
-vocalisation
-taste
-prehension
What pushes the food through the oesophagus down into the stomach?
-peristaltic waves
What is the function of the stomach and what is its structure?
-where chemical digestion takes place
-stores and mixes food
-aids in mechanical digestion
-divided into 4 parts cardiac, Fundus, body and pylorus
What is the gastric glands made up of?
-contains partial cells
-cheif cells
-goblet cells
-together secretions known as gastric juice
What is the function of the partial cells?
-secrete hydrochloric acid
What is the function of the chief cells?
-secrete an inactive proenzyme called pepsinogen
What is the function of the goblet cells?
-produces mucous
What is the function of the pyloric gland?
-produces mucous that covers the lining of the stomach
-g-cells secrete the gastric hormone
What is the function of the pancreas?
-mixed gland
-endocrine produces hormones
-exocrine produces enzymes and bicarbonate
What is the function of pancreatic enzymes?
-includes b cells which secrete insulin
(controls glucose levels)
-a cells which secrete glucagon
(promotes conversion of glycogen)
-s cells which secrete somatostatin
(evens out glucose levels)
What is the function of the gallbladder?
-stores bile which is essential for the breakdown of fats and has been produced by the liver
What is the function of the liver?
-protein metabolism
-carbohydrates storage
-fat metabolism and energy production
-bile formation
-regulates temperature
-iron storage
-storage of fat soluble vitamins
What is the function of the large intestine?
-absorbs water and electrolytes and remaining materials collects in the rectum until defection
What is the function of the faecal material?
-enters rectum triggering the rectosphincter reflex
-causes relaxation of internal sphincter and peristaltic contractions of the rectum
Why is protein needed?
-growth and repair of the body
-source of energy
Why are carbohydrates needed?
-main source of energy
Why are fats needed?
-source of energy
-increases palatable of food
-source of essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins
Why are vitamins and minerals needed?
-involved in metabolism reactions within the body tissue
Why is water needed?
-essential for normal bodily functions
