Digestive System

Question 1

What is the process of ingestion?

Answer 1

-process of taking food into the body
-brought about by mainly the use of lips, teeth and tongue

Question 2

What is the process of digestion?

Answer 2

-process by which the large food molecules are broken down into small soluble units
-occurs in stomach and small intestine

Question 3

What is the process of absorption?

Answer 3

-process during which the small soluble chemical units pass through the mucous membrane of the small intestine into the blood stream of the animal

Question 4

What is the process of metabolism?

Answer 4

-process by which the small soluble units are converted by the cells to provide energy for all the organs of the body

Question 5

What is the process of excretion?

Answer 5

-process of digestion of any remaining food material passes through the final part of the gastrointestinal tract (large intestine)
-leaves the body as faeces

Question 6

Order of organs during digestion?

Answer 6

Mouth&raquo_space;
Pharynx&raquo_space;
Oesophagus&raquo_space;
Stomach&raquo_space;
Pancreas&raquo_space;
Duodenum&raquo_space;
Jejunum&raquo_space;
Ileum&raquo_space;
Liver&raquo_space;
Colon&raquo_space;
Rectum&raquo_space;
Anus

Question 7

What is canines dentition?

Answer 7

Deciduous
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/3 = 28

Permanent
I3/3 C1/1 PM4/4 M2/3 = 42

Question 8

What is felines dentition?

Answer 8

Deciduous
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 = 26

Permanent
I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 M1/1 = 30

Question 9

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Answer 9

-produces saliva which assists with mechanical digestion
-assists with lubrication of food
-assists with thermoregulation

Question 10

What are the 4 salivary glands?

Answer 10

-zygomatic
-sublingual
-mandibular
-parotid

Question 11

What is the function of the tongue?

Answer 11

-grooming
-thermoregulation
-vocalisation
-taste
-prehension

Question 12

What pushes the food through the oesophagus down into the stomach?

Answer 12

-peristaltic waves

Question 13

What is the function of the stomach and what is its structure?

Answer 13

-where chemical digestion takes place
-stores and mixes food
-aids in mechanical digestion

-divided into 4 parts cardiac, Fundus, body and pylorus

Question 14

What is the gastric glands made up of?

Answer 14

-contains partial cells
-cheif cells
-goblet cells
-together secretions known as gastric juice

Question 15

What is the function of the partial cells?

Answer 15

-secrete hydrochloric acid

Question 16

What is the function of the chief cells?

Answer 16

-secrete an inactive proenzyme called pepsinogen

Question 17

What is the function of the goblet cells?

Answer 17

-produces mucous

Question 18

What is the function of the pyloric gland?

Answer 18

-produces mucous that covers the lining of the stomach
-g-cells secrete the gastric hormone

Question 19

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 19

-mixed gland
-endocrine produces hormones
-exocrine produces enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 20

What is the function of pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 20

-includes b cells which secrete insulin
(controls glucose levels)
-a cells which secrete glucagon
(promotes conversion of glycogen)
-s cells which secrete somatostatin
(evens out glucose levels)

Question 21

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 21

-stores bile which is essential for the breakdown of fats and has been produced by the liver

Question 22

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 22

-protein metabolism
-carbohydrates storage
-fat metabolism and energy production
-bile formation
-regulates temperature
-iron storage
-storage of fat soluble vitamins

Question 23

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 23

-absorbs water and electrolytes and remaining materials collects in the rectum until defection

Question 24

What is the function of the faecal material?

Answer 24

-enters rectum triggering the rectosphincter reflex
-causes relaxation of internal sphincter and peristaltic contractions of the rectum

Question 25

Why is protein needed?

Answer 25

-growth and repair of the body
-source of energy

Question 26

Why are carbohydrates needed?

Answer 26

-main source of energy

Question 27

Why are fats needed?

Answer 27

-source of energy
-increases palatable of food
-source of essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins

Question 28

Why are vitamins and minerals needed?

Answer 28

-involved in metabolism reactions within the body tissue

Question 29

Why is water needed?

Answer 29

-essential for normal bodily functions