mineral water classification. physiological effects, uses.

Question 1

what is balneotherapy

Answer 1

the treatment of disease by bathing

Question 2

how is balneotherapy different from HYDROTHERAPY

Answer 2

hydrotherapy is excercising in water whereas balneotherapy is without excercise

Question 3

how is mineral water made

Answer 3

deep in the Earth under conditions of high temperature, high pressure and lack of atmospheric oxygen.

Question 4

how is mineral water classified

Answer 4

according to KARAKOLEV

Question 5

karakolev types of mineral water

Answer 5

Type I: Gas water (effervescent or ‘sparkling’)

Type II: Mineral water (with total mineralisation > 2g/L)

Type III: Waters with biologically active microelements

Type IV: Low-mineralised thermal waters (akratothermal)

Question 6

Type I: Gas water (effervescent or ‘sparkling’)

includes (3)

Answer 6

Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L)

Sulphide water (10mg/L)

Radon water (180Bq)

Question 7

what are the effects of Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L)

when externally apllied

Answer 7

Hyperaemia
Vasodilation in the peripheral blood vessels
Decreased peripheral resistance
Lower blood pressure

Question 8

what are the effects of Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L)

when internally applied

Answer 8

Increases gastric acidity and motility

Increases diuresis

Question 9

what are the effects of Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L)

when inhaled

Answer 9

acts as a sedative

Question 10

indications of Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L)

Answer 10

Cardiovascular disease
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer with decreased gastric acidity
Urological disorders

Question 11

where can Carbonic water (CO2 > 400mg/L) be found

Answer 11

Mihalkovo springs

Question 12

Sulphide water (10mg/L) is best absorbed where in the body

Answer 12

skin and mucous membranes, because of the constructive element in hyaluronic acid which exists in the walls of the vessels, in connective tissue and in cartilage

Question 13

effects of externally aplied Sulphide water (10mg/L)

Answer 13

Hyperaemia
Decrease in bp
Beneficial effect on skin diseases

Question 14

effects of internally aplied Sulphide water (10mg/L)

Answer 14

Suppress gastric secretion and motility

Detoxification effect

Question 15

effects of INHALED Sulphide water (10mg/L)

Answer 15

Facilitates expectoration

Question 16

INDICATIONS of Sulphide water (10mg/L)

Answer 16

Musculoskeletal disease
Gynaecological disease
Skin disease (dermatitis, psoriasis)
Chronic intoxication with heavy metals
Respiratory diseases

Question 17

where can Sulphide water (10mg/L) be found

Answer 17

in Kyustendil and Separeva banya

Question 18

Radon water (180Bq)
effects

Answer 18

Effect is due to radioactivity
Stimulates cell function
Enhances cell growth and division
Stimulates metabolism

Question 19

Radon water (180Bq) INDICATIONS

Answer 19

Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Gynaecological disease (hypofunction of the gonads)
Metabolic disease
Skin disease
Respiratory

Question 20

where can Radon water (180Bq) be found

Answer 20

Narechen, Momin prohod and Velingrad

Question 21

Type II: Mineral water (with total mineralisation > 2g/L) includes (5)

Answer 21

Sulphate
Chloride
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium

Question 22

Sulphate, has what kind of effect

Answer 22

Choleretic effect = stimulates bile secretion

Question 23

effect of sulphate when internally applied

Answer 23

increases peristalsis
- sulphate anion extractd water from intestinal tract

activates oxidative processes

reduces blood uric acid

stim bile secretion

Question 24

sulphate indication

3

Answer 24

GI disorders
Liver and biliary disorders (cholecystitis, dyskinesia)
Metabolic disorders (diabetes, gout, obesity)

Question 25

where can sulphate water be found

Answer 25

fields of Ovcha kupel Merichleri

Question 26

Chloride water | Internal application

Answer 26

Increases gastric secretion and acidity Choleretic effect

Question 27

effect of inhaled chloride water

Answer 27

Liquefies mucus | Facilitates expectoration

Question 28

indications of chloride water (6)

Answer 28

``` Musculoskeletal disorders Respiratory disorders GI and liver disorders Biliary tract disorders Chronic gynaecological disorders Metabolic disorders ```

Question 29

whrere can chloride water be found

Answer 29

the fields of Mirovo, Varna, Slanotran, Vidin, Staro Oryahovo

Question 30

Type III: Waters with biologically active microelements includes (6)

Answer 30

``` Iodine Bromine Arsenic Fluorine Iron Silicon ```

Question 31

Bicarbonate

Answer 31

(not sure which category this comes under. Contains bicarbonate ions)

Question 32

Bicarbonate effect

Answer 32

Alkalising effect (changes pH to alkaline)

Question 33

main method of application of bicarbonate and effects (4)

Answer 33

Internal Reduces acidity of gastric juice Changes pH of urine to alkaline Anti-inflammatory effect on mucosa of urinary tract Regulate acidosis in diabetes, improves the exchange of purines

Question 34

effect of inhaling bicarbonate water

Answer 34

Dilution of secretions to assist disposal

Question 35

indications of bicarbonate water

Answer 35

GI disorders Biliary and liver problems Metabolic disorders Renal and urological disorders

Question 36

where can bicarbonate water befound

Answer 36

Gorna Banya fields