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physiotherapy > light therapy > Flashcards

light therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is light therapy

A

exposure to specific wavelengths of light, which is administered for a specific amount of time.

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2
Q

wave length of infared light

A

760nm-10,000nm

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3
Q

wavelength of visible light

A

380nm-760nm

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4
Q

uv light wavelength

A

180-380nm

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5
Q

group a uv light wavelength and effect

A

315-380nm (causes pigmentation)

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6
Q

group b uv light wavelength and effect

A

280-315-nm (causes erythema)

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7
Q

group c uv light wavelength and effect

A

180-280nm (bactericidal effect)

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8
Q

what do the biological and physical effects of radiated light energy depend on:

A

⦁ Intensity and duration of exposure

⦁ The energy absorbed rather than the energy that is reflected/passes through.

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9
Q

what does the penetration depth of each light ray depends on

A

its wavelength:

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10
Q

penetration depth of ⦁ Infrared:

A

1-2cm penetration into the body

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11
Q

penetration depth of ⦁ Visible light

A

1-2mm penetration into the body

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12
Q

penetration depth of ⦁ UV light

A

0.5mm penetration into the body (only affects upper layers of the skin)

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13
Q

percentages of light energy from te sun that reaches the earth

A

⦁ Infrared – 51%
⦁ Visible light – 46%
⦁ UV – 3%

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14
Q

Artificial sources of light energy

A

⦁ Infrared – Solux lamp and Infrarouge
⦁ Visible light – blue and red filters (to achieve specific wavelengths)
⦁ UV – Quartz lamp

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15
Q

which light rays have the physiological effects of heat

A

Infrared and visible light rays produce heat after being transformed into kinetic energy.

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16
Q

Effects of infrared rays (5)

A

⦁ Hyperaemia and increased blood flow
⦁ Trophic effect (stimulation of biochemical processes and metabolism)
⦁ Anti-inflammatory (in chronic inflammatory conditions)
⦁ Muscle relaxation
⦁ Stimulation of endocrine system

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17
Q

Effects of Visible rays

A

local effect is the same as infared but weaker

general effect has effect on
1. CNS 2,ENDOCRINE 3, BILIRUBIN

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18
Q

Effects of Visible rays on CNS

A

moderate doses increases psychological tone, improve mood and performance (photostimulation of bioelectrical activity of the brain). The effect is specific to the colour of light:

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19
Q

red light effects on CNS

A

exciting (more aggressive than the other two, produce exogenous heat)

20
Q

green light effects on CNS

A

relaxing

21
Q

blue light effects on CNS

A

suppression of psychotic reactions.

22
Q

Effects of Visible rays on endocrine

A

regulation through the hypothalamus centres

reg circ rythm

23
Q

Effects of Visible rays on ilirubin

A

⦁ Photochemical degradation of bilirubin (visible blue spectrum only) – in treatment of jaundice of the newborn

24
Q

characteristics of Ultraviolet

A

ionizing rays.
more energy than the other two
have both quantum photoelectric effect and specific photochemical effects

25
Q

effects of UV on Metabolism

A

⦁ Ca-P metabolism – vit D3 is synthesized in the skin by UV irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol
⦁ Carbohydrate metabolism – normalisation of blood sugar level in mild diabetes
⦁ Protein metabolism – enhances purine metabolism and uric acid excretion
⦁ Lipid metabolism – regulation of cholesterol levels

26
Q

effects UV on Haematological system

A

stimulates erythropoiesis

27
Q

effects UV on Nervous system

A

⦁ Weak (suberythemal) doses: stimulating effect, used to stimulate recovery of peripheral nerves and nerve regeneration
⦁ Strong (erythemal) doses: blocking dose, has a suppressive effect. Pain relieving effect (“blocking erythema”) – usually 1 biodose or 1/2 biodose.

28
Q

effects UV on Respiratory system

A

improves external respiration

29
Q

effects UV on Endocrine system

A

stimulates thyroid, gonads and adrenocortical system (cortisol synthesis)

30
Q

effects UV on ⦁ Stimulation of immunobiological reactivity

A

increases of levels of complement, gamma-globulin fraction, phagocytic activity, interferon and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system.

31
Q

indications for UV light include

A

psoriasis, rachitis (rickets) and disorders of the immune system.

32
Q

Skin Reactions to Infrared and visible light

A

erythema caloricum
⦁ Vasomotor character (due to vasodilation)
⦁ Appears almost immediately (3-6 minutes after exposition)
⦁ Disappears 30 minutes–1 hour after onset
⦁ Non-homogenous
⦁ Doesn’t have clear margins

33
Q

Skin Reactions to UV light

A

photoelectric erythema
⦁ Humoral character (reaction occurs in the epidermis)
⦁ More aggressive- denaturation of proteins and cell destruction
⦁ Biologically active substances formed as a result of cellular destruction
⦁ Appears after a latent period if 2-6h (sometimes takes up to 24h)
⦁ Disappears 24-48h after onset
⦁ 3-5 days after exposure, the skin darkens (due to the conversion of promelanin to melanin in the basal layer of the epidermis under the action of dopa-oxidase), the stratum corneum thickens and the old skin peels off
⦁ Homogenous character with clear, sharp margins

34
Q

how is UV light dosed

A

using biodose

35
Q

biodose definition

A

minimum duration (of exposure) in minutes necessary to cause the slightest hyperaemia with clearly defined margins, after exposure at a distance of 50cm. It is a method to check for individual sensitivity to UV light. It is measured in units of time, and is different for each person.

36
Q

Most sensitive

A

Abdomen and lower back (lumbar region)
Chest and upper back
Flexor surfaces
Extensor surfaces

37
Q

Least sensitive

A

Palm of hands and feet

skin folds

38
Q

factors determining sensitivity to UV light

A 
⦁	Sex
⦁	Age
⦁	Race
⦁	Endocrine disorders (e.g. thyrotoxicosis, lupus)
⦁	Hypertension 
⦁	Jaundice
39
Q

2 different types of doses

A

⦁ Erythemal dose

⦁ Suberythemal dose

40
Q

Erythemal dose

A

exposure to one whole biodose.

It is only used locally and segmentally.

41
Q

Suberythemal dose

A

exposure to part of a biodose.

It can be used locally or generally.

42
Q

distance from lamp in local and general uv

A

local UV, the patient is 50cm away from the lamp.

general UV, the patient is 1m away from the lamp.

43
Q

Indications
Infrared and Visible rays
(4)

A

⦁ Nervous system – neuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, spastic hemiparesis
⦁ Musculoskeletal – inflammatory and degenerative joint disease and overuse syndromes
⦁ ENT – inflammation of upper respiratory tract (sinusitis and rhinitis)
⦁ Surgery – treatment of wounds

44
Q

local UV indications

4

A

⦁ Rhinitis (on the nasopharyngeal mucosa)
⦁ Pharyngitis
⦁ Tonsillitis
⦁ Wounds

45
Q

general UV indications

6

A

⦁ Prevention and treatment of influenza and other viral infections- stim phag, complement
⦁ Rachitis (rickets)
⦁ Secondary anaemia- stilm erythropoiesis
⦁ Diabetes and obesity
⦁ Neurosis
⦁ Allergic and autoimmune disorders

46
Q

Contraindications for
Infrared and Visible rays
(4)

A

⦁ Acute inflammation
⦁ Purulent inflammation
⦁ Malignant tumours
⦁ Bleeding and haematomas

physiotherapy (17 decks)

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