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physiotherapy > kinesitherapy > Flashcards

kinesitherapy Flashcards

1
Q

define kinesitherapy

A

therapy with movement

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2
Q

list the two types of kinesitherapy

A

active and passive

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3
Q

what does a goniometer test for

A

flexibility of a joint in sagittal, frontal planes aswel as rotation

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4
Q

movements in sagittal plane

A

extension and flexion

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5
Q

movements in the frontal plane

A

abduction and adduction

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6
Q

types of rotation

A

internal and external

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7
Q

gonometery score of 0 means?

A

no contractors? contractions?

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8
Q

what is manual muscle testing

A

a test done to examine muscle weakness.Test is done to know how to train this muscle in gravity or its’ elimination

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9
Q

6 stages of MMT

A 
0 = no ROM – cannot observe any muscle contracting 
1 = No ROM – see/ hear muscle fibers contracting 
2 = eliminate gravity – full ROM – ask patient to lie on side for eg 
3 = movement against no resistance 
4 = against moderate resistance – movement performed 
5 = against maximal resistance – movement performed
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10
Q

stage 0 MMT

A

0 = no ROM – cannot observe any muscle contracting

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11
Q

stage 1 MMT

A

1 = No ROM – see/ hear muscle fibers contracting

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12
Q

stage 2 MMT

A

2 = eliminate gravity – full ROM – ask patient to lie on side for

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13
Q

stage 3 MMT

A

3 = movement against no resistance

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14
Q

stage 4 MMT

A

4 = against moderate resistance – movement performed

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15
Q

stage 5 MMT

A

5 = against maximal resistance – movement performed

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16
Q

elimination of gravity w/ belts does what

A

facilitates a larger ROM not muscle strengthening

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17
Q

types of active kinesitherapy

A
  1. medical excercises
  2. occupational therapy
  3. terrain treatment
  4. suspensional and pulley therapy
  5. specialized neuroreducational systems
  6. post isometric relaxation
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18
Q

types of medical excercises

A
  1. medical gymnastics
  2. games and dancing
  3. sport elements
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19
Q

medical gymnastics excercises (7)

A
  1. General strengthening – used also for healthy people to improve the muscle tone; to stimulate the activity of the different systems.
  2. Analytical exercises – to strengthen certain muscle or muscle group. E.g hamstrings usually shorten and quadricep weakens usually. Analytically work the quadricep – usually the medial part weakens first as it’s the newest part .
  3. Breathing exercises – for patients with respiratory problems – asthma, pneumonia; to facilitate expectoration, exhaling. Also a draining position.
  4. Corrective exercises – for patients with different deviations of the spine – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis.
  5. Exercises for balance and coordination
  6. Exercises under water – myorelaxing effect of water; similar to exercises in eliminated gravity. Easier in a slow pace; harder in a fast pace. Movements are in ^ ROM
  7. Training in walking and using walking aids – walkers; cane; crutches. Canes are held in the opposite of the affected side.
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20
Q
  1. General strengthening
A

– used also for healthy people to improve the muscle tone; to stimulate the activity of the different systems.

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21
Q
  1. Analytical exercises –
A

to strengthen certain muscle or muscle group. E.g hamstrings usually shorten and quadricep weakens usually. Analytically work the quadricep – usually the medial part weakens first as it’s the newest part .

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22
Q
  1. Breathing exercises –
A

for patients with respiratory problems – asthma, pneumonia; to facilitate expectoration, exhaling. Also a draining position.

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23
Q
  1. Corrective exercises –
A

for patients with different deviations of the spine – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis.

24
Q

6.Exercises under water

A

– myorelaxing effect of water; similar to exercises in eliminated gravity. Easier in a slow pace; harder in a fast pace. Movements are in ^ ROM

25
Q

7.Training in walking and using walking aids –

A

walkers; cane; crutches. Canes are held in the opposite of the affected side.

26
Q

occupational therapy

A
  1. Functional – aiming to restore specific function which have been lost in the accident, so the patient can go back to his previous working place
  2. Professional – the disorder is more severe and the patient cannot go back to his previous
    working place, so we have to reeducate him for another working place at the same company if it’s possible.
  3. Entertaining – the disorder is more severe than the previous two groups. We are lookin for something entertaining that the patient could do – painting, knitting.
  4. Training in activities of daily living – educating severely disabled patients to do their daily living activities like eating, putting their clothes on, taking shower.
27
Q

terrain treatment

A

Used mostly in seaside and mountain resorts for patients with cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
It is important to check
the pulse frequency
blood pressure.
If they increase with more than 20 bpm/mmHg we have to advice the patient to take a break

28
Q

terrain treatment parameters

A

1) incline of the terrain (is it upward/ downward/ flat ground)
2) length of terrain
3) number of steps per minute
4) number of breaks
5) duration of breaks

29
Q

Suspentional & Pulley therapy

A

Both are done in eliminated gravity,

patient doesn’t feel the weight of the whole distal part of the limb.

30
Q

what is pulley therapy used for

A

to increase the muscle strength

evaluated by the Manual Muscle Testing for testing muscle weakness

31
Q

what is the suspensional therapy used for

A

to increase the ranges of motion

tested by using gonometry of the joints

32
Q

V. Specialized neuroreeducational methods/systems for CNS

A 
VOJTA= babies w/ cerebral palsy
BOBAT= adults w/ cerebral palsy due to stroke or TBI
33
Q

V. Specialized neuroreeducational methods/systems for PNS

A
  1. Prof Gencheva

2. Kabat

34
Q

vojta

A

control of the head,
turning from side to back, from back to side,
crawling,
pressing specific areas around the joints
Pressing certain points which stimulate – semi like acupuncture points
Stimulate normal development of NB

35
Q

three main principles of the Bobath system are

A

reducing spasticity

(by heath tharapy – paraffin; kryotherapy; massage; el. stimulations of the antagonistic of the spastic muscles);

supressing the pathological movements;

educating the patient in physiological movements

36
Q

System of prof. Gacheva: for birth trauma of brachial plexus

A

system uses the physiological reflexes (ex. Moro reflex) of the baby to stimulate active movements in the affected upper limb.

37
Q

types of brachial plexus trauma treated by gacheva system

A

proximal – no ROM in proximal part
distal – no ROM in distal part
total – no ROM of limb

38
Q

kabat

A

Using different stimulus (stretching, scratching) to irritate the proprioreceptors of muscles to provoke stronger muscle contraction

diagonals are a part of the Kabat system but they are used for patients with CNS disorders like stroke

39
Q

what is Post-isometric relaxation

A

combination between active and passive kinesitherapy. Stretch and contract

40
Q

active kinesitherapy contraindication

A

fever
high blood pressure
acute inflammatory disorders

41
Q

types of passive kinesitherapy

A

massage
traction therapy
manual therapy
mechanotherapy

42
Q

types of Massage therapy

A

classical
reflective
ancient eatern

43
Q

effects of classical massage

A

⦁ reflective – improving the blood circulation and tropic, analgesia;
⦁ humural – stimulation of forming active substances histanin, vitamin D;
⦁ mechanical – stretching, drainage of liquids.

44
Q

Traction therapy

A

mechanical spine stretching along the longitudinal axis

streteching paravertebral lig increases vertebral distance and reduce compression

45
Q

when is traction therapy indicated

A

disc protusion and initial stage of disc herniation

46
Q

what is the GLISSON’S LOOP

A

mechanis used in Traction therapy for the cervical spine

47
Q

PERL

A

Traction therapy for the lumbar part of the spine patient Is lies on his back with knees and hips flexed at 90 degrees

48
Q

manual therapy

A

detects and removes FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS betw/ SACROILIAC and INTERVERTEBRAL joints and joint play restoration

49
Q

what is joint play

A

non-voluntarily movement of joints needed for the proper function of joints

50
Q

what sound is heard in manual therapy

A

cracking” sound when the blockage is removed.

51
Q

manual therapy contraindications

A

osteoporosis/ osteoarthritis

disc herniation

52
Q

what is Mechanotherapy

A

use of devices, which produce repetitive movements at a known many number of times

53
Q

indication for terrain therapy

A

cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.

54
Q

when must pt take a break in terrain therapy

A

when bp is over 20mmhg of starting bp

55
Q

what therapeutic methods are used to reduce spacticity in bobat

A

paraffin;
kryotherapy;
massage;

causing stimulations of the antagonistic of the spastic muscles);

physiotherapy (17 decks)

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