kinesitherapy Flashcards
define kinesitherapy
therapy with movement
list the two types of kinesitherapy
active and passive
what does a goniometer test for
flexibility of a joint in sagittal, frontal planes aswel as rotation
movements in sagittal plane
extension and flexion
movements in the frontal plane
abduction and adduction
types of rotation
internal and external
gonometery score of 0 means?
no contractors? contractions?
what is manual muscle testing
a test done to examine muscle weakness.Test is done to know how to train this muscle in gravity or its’ elimination
6 stages of MMT
0 = no ROM – cannot observe any muscle contracting 1 = No ROM – see/ hear muscle fibers contracting 2 = eliminate gravity – full ROM – ask patient to lie on side for eg 3 = movement against no resistance 4 = against moderate resistance – movement performed 5 = against maximal resistance – movement performed
stage 0 MMT
0 = no ROM – cannot observe any muscle contracting
stage 1 MMT
1 = No ROM – see/ hear muscle fibers contracting
stage 2 MMT
2 = eliminate gravity – full ROM – ask patient to lie on side for
stage 3 MMT
3 = movement against no resistance
stage 4 MMT
4 = against moderate resistance – movement performed
stage 5 MMT
5 = against maximal resistance – movement performed
elimination of gravity w/ belts does what
facilitates a larger ROM not muscle strengthening
types of active kinesitherapy
- medical excercises
- occupational therapy
- terrain treatment
- suspensional and pulley therapy
- specialized neuroreducational systems
- post isometric relaxation
types of medical excercises
- medical gymnastics
- games and dancing
- sport elements
medical gymnastics excercises (7)
- General strengthening – used also for healthy people to improve the muscle tone; to stimulate the activity of the different systems.
- Analytical exercises – to strengthen certain muscle or muscle group. E.g hamstrings usually shorten and quadricep weakens usually. Analytically work the quadricep – usually the medial part weakens first as it’s the newest part .
- Breathing exercises – for patients with respiratory problems – asthma, pneumonia; to facilitate expectoration, exhaling. Also a draining position.
- Corrective exercises – for patients with different deviations of the spine – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis.
- Exercises for balance and coordination
- Exercises under water – myorelaxing effect of water; similar to exercises in eliminated gravity. Easier in a slow pace; harder in a fast pace. Movements are in ^ ROM
- Training in walking and using walking aids – walkers; cane; crutches. Canes are held in the opposite of the affected side.
- General strengthening
– used also for healthy people to improve the muscle tone; to stimulate the activity of the different systems.
- Analytical exercises –
to strengthen certain muscle or muscle group. E.g hamstrings usually shorten and quadricep weakens usually. Analytically work the quadricep – usually the medial part weakens first as it’s the newest part .
- Breathing exercises –
for patients with respiratory problems – asthma, pneumonia; to facilitate expectoration, exhaling. Also a draining position.
- Corrective exercises –
for patients with different deviations of the spine – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis.
6.Exercises under water
– myorelaxing effect of water; similar to exercises in eliminated gravity. Easier in a slow pace; harder in a fast pace. Movements are in ^ ROM
7.Training in walking and using walking aids –
walkers; cane; crutches. Canes are held in the opposite of the affected side.
occupational therapy
- Functional – aiming to restore specific function which have been lost in the accident, so the patient can go back to his previous working place
- Professional – the disorder is more severe and the patient cannot go back to his previous
working place, so we have to reeducate him for another working place at the same company if it’s possible. - Entertaining – the disorder is more severe than the previous two groups. We are lookin for something entertaining that the patient could do – painting, knitting.
- Training in activities of daily living – educating severely disabled patients to do their daily living activities like eating, putting their clothes on, taking shower.
terrain treatment
Used mostly in seaside and mountain resorts for patients with cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
It is important to check
the pulse frequency
blood pressure.
If they increase with more than 20 bpm/mmHg we have to advice the patient to take a break
terrain treatment parameters
1) incline of the terrain (is it upward/ downward/ flat ground)
2) length of terrain
3) number of steps per minute
4) number of breaks
5) duration of breaks
Suspentional & Pulley therapy
Both are done in eliminated gravity,
patient doesn’t feel the weight of the whole distal part of the limb.
what is pulley therapy used for
to increase the muscle strength
evaluated by the Manual Muscle Testing for testing muscle weakness
what is the suspensional therapy used for
to increase the ranges of motion
tested by using gonometry of the joints
V. Specialized neuroreeducational methods/systems for CNS
VOJTA= babies w/ cerebral palsy BOBAT= adults w/ cerebral palsy due to stroke or TBI
V. Specialized neuroreeducational methods/systems for PNS
- Prof Gencheva
2. Kabat
vojta
control of the head,
turning from side to back, from back to side,
crawling,
pressing specific areas around the joints
Pressing certain points which stimulate – semi like acupuncture points
Stimulate normal development of NB
three main principles of the Bobath system are
reducing spasticity
(by heath tharapy – paraffin; kryotherapy; massage; el. stimulations of the antagonistic of the spastic muscles);
supressing the pathological movements;
educating the patient in physiological movements
System of prof. Gacheva: for birth trauma of brachial plexus
system uses the physiological reflexes (ex. Moro reflex) of the baby to stimulate active movements in the affected upper limb.
types of brachial plexus trauma treated by gacheva system
proximal – no ROM in proximal part
distal – no ROM in distal part
total – no ROM of limb
kabat
Using different stimulus (stretching, scratching) to irritate the proprioreceptors of muscles to provoke stronger muscle contraction
diagonals are a part of the Kabat system but they are used for patients with CNS disorders like stroke
what is Post-isometric relaxation
combination between active and passive kinesitherapy. Stretch and contract
active kinesitherapy contraindication
fever
high blood pressure
acute inflammatory disorders
types of passive kinesitherapy
massage
traction therapy
manual therapy
mechanotherapy
types of Massage therapy
classical
reflective
ancient eatern
effects of classical massage
⦁ reflective – improving the blood circulation and tropic, analgesia;
⦁ humural – stimulation of forming active substances histanin, vitamin D;
⦁ mechanical – stretching, drainage of liquids.
Traction therapy
mechanical spine stretching along the longitudinal axis
streteching paravertebral lig increases vertebral distance and reduce compression
when is traction therapy indicated
disc protusion and initial stage of disc herniation
what is the GLISSON’S LOOP
mechanis used in Traction therapy for the cervical spine
PERL
Traction therapy for the lumbar part of the spine patient Is lies on his back with knees and hips flexed at 90 degrees
manual therapy
detects and removes FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS betw/ SACROILIAC and INTERVERTEBRAL joints and joint play restoration
what is joint play
non-voluntarily movement of joints needed for the proper function of joints
what sound is heard in manual therapy
cracking” sound when the blockage is removed.
manual therapy contraindications
osteoporosis/ osteoarthritis
disc herniation
what is Mechanotherapy
use of devices, which produce repetitive movements at a known many number of times
indication for terrain therapy
cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
when must pt take a break in terrain therapy
when bp is over 20mmhg of starting bp
what therapeutic methods are used to reduce spacticity in bobat
paraffin;
kryotherapy;
massage;
causing stimulations of the antagonistic of the spastic muscles);
