MIM2 Flashcards
MIM2
What is a material?
A material is a substance used to make objects, tools, or structures.
What is a bio-material?
A bio-material is a natural or synthetic material used in biological systems.
What are important material parameters?
Strength, elasticity, density, and thermal properties.
How does spider web excel?
Spider webs are strong, flexible, and absorb energy efficiently.
How are biomaterials and man-made materials typically different?
Biomaterials are often renewable and biodegradable; man-made materials are not.
Why are some bio-materials self-healing?
They can repair themselves through biological processes.
Why are bio-materials often bio-degradable?
Bio-materials break down naturally in the environment.
Which factors make recycling of biomaterials realistic?
Natural decay and renewability make recycling feasible.
What does biomaterials mean within medicine?
Materials used in medical implants and devices to interact with the body.
Are medical biomaterials made from biological sources?
Not necessarily; they can be synthetic but compatible with the body.
What are examples of medical biomaterials?
Titanium, polyethylene, and collagen are examples.
Why is polyethylene often used in hip implants?
Polyethylene is durable and has low wear, making it suitable for implants.
What are body and immune responses to implanted materials?
The body may accept or reject implants; immune cells respond to foreign objects.
What is a macrophage?
A macrophage is an immune cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles.
What does an osteoblast cell do?
Osteoblasts build new bone tissue.
What does an osteoclast cell do?
Osteoclasts break down bone tissue.
What is osteolysis?
Osteolysis is bone loss around implants.
What is particle disease?
Particle disease is inflammation from wear particles around implants.
Why is particle disease a problem?
It leads to bone loss and implant loosening.
How can particle disease be avoided?
Using materials with lower wear rates and better compatibility.
What causes muscles to contract?
Actin and myosin interactions cause muscle contraction.
What is special about a pennate muscle?
Pennate muscles have fibers at an angle, enhancing strength.
What does torsional stiffness mean?
Resistance to twisting or rotational forces.
Why is dampening needed in an elastic system?
Dampening prevents excessive oscillations or vibrations.
What is the difference between walking and running?
Walking involves continuous contact; running has a flight phase.
Why can running be energy efficient?
Running utilizes elastic energy storage in tendons.
How can friction in water be minimized?
Releasing airbubbles from the surface like penguins.
How is crack propagation avoided in nature?
Natural designs distribute forces to avoid crack propagation.
