BIO5 Flashcards
BIO5
Do all niches on the planet harbor microorganisms?
Yes, microorganisms are found in virtually all environments.
Name three groups of microorganisms.
Bacteria, archaea, and fungi.
How do bacteria proliferate?
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
How is bacterial growth rate calculated?
Growth rate is calculated by measuring population doubling time.
What do bacteria and archaea have in common (compared to eukaryotes)?
Both lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
How can CO2 absorption of the ocean be facilitated?
Through phytoplankton growth, which absorbs CO2.
What are some adverse effects of microorganisms?
Some microorganisms cause disease, spoil food, or corrode materials.
Name some biotechnological uses of microorganisms.
Used in waste treatment, bioremediation, and biofuel production.
What is meant by synthetic biology?
Engineering microorganisms to perform new or improved functions.
How can one determine the abundance of microorganisms in a niche?
Using microscopy, culture methods, or molecular techniques.
How can one determine the functions of microorganisms in a niche?
By analyzing microbial DNA or enzyme activity in the niche.
How do bacteria evolve so rapidly?
Through high mutation rates and horizontal gene transfer.
What is the advantage of heterogeneity in a microbial population?
Increases adaptability and survival in changing conditions.
Why can rRNA gene be used as a phylogenetic marker for all life?
It is highly conserved across different species.
Name one disadvantage and one advantage of bacterial biofilms.
Disadvantage: resistance to treatment; Advantage: surface protection.
