Milk 2

Question 1

Background trend

Answer 1

• increasing aged population (by 2030 30% population > 60 yrs old)
• Obesity increase in UK F & M
• Type 2 diabetes

Question 2

Metabolic syndrome can be linked to

Answer 2

• Genetic Factor

- Diet

Question 3

Calcium intake in UK female is

Answer 3

on average 11- 19 yrs old mean intake is not meeting the recommended lv

Question 4

why Calcium is important

Answer 4

• 90% of adult skeleton formed age 18
• Up to 25% of children aged 11-14 have sub-optimal Ca intakes
• Up to 20% of children aged 15-18 have sub-optimal Ca intakes
• Girls usually worse
• May have implications for bone strength
  in later life

Question 5

Most iodine intake comes from

Answer 5

• milk and dairy
• fish

[Rose et al., 2001; Henderson et al., 2003]

Question 6

Recent studies of UK iodine status

Answer 6

deficiency shown in:
Women of childbearing age [Bath et al. 2008; Rayman et al. 2008; Lampropoulou et al 2012]

Pregnant women [Kibirige et al. 2004/ Barnett et al. 2002/ Bath et al. 2010/ Pearce et al 2010]

Question 7

Major mineral nutrient density

Answer 7

Na from Meat

Ca & P from dairy

Question 8

Water soluble vitamin density

Answer 8

Vit C, vit B12, Ribo from dairy

very small amount of Vit B6 from meat

Question 9

Milk has high unsaturated fat content T/F

Answer 9

false

it has high saturated fat

Question 10

Fat and SFA intake in UK

Answer 10

• Fat intake % is very close to target in most groups

- SFA intake % is way above target in most group

Question 11

Fatty acid profile of milk fat

Answer 11

mainly long chain saturated fat & monounsaturated fat C9

Question 12

Sources of saturated fats in EU diet

Answer 12

mostly from dairy, then meat

Hulshof et al., 1999

Question 13

Milk, Dairy Products and CVD risk

Answer 13

Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies shows dietary dairy products (mainly milk) has no significant link to cardiovascular disease incidence [Elwood et al., 2010]

On the other hand, there is benefit:
= Other cardioprotective components in milk
= SFA profile may not represent as great a risk as traditionally thought

Question 14

Dairy consumption is inversely related

to the metabolic syndrome

Answer 14

Azadbakht et al., 2005

Question 15

WHAT GIVES MILK FUNCTIONALITY?

Answer 15

Milk-a rich source of bioactive peptides
= opioid agonist
= Antithrombotic
= ACE inhibitor

Question 16

Engberink et al., 2009

Answer 16

Hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for 2-y incidence of hypertension by quartile dairy product intake in 2245 Dutch adults aged >=55 y

Question 17

Dietary strategies to reduce milk SFA

Answer 17

= Basal forage type
= Forage conservation
= Forage:concentrate ratio
= Inclusion of oilseeds
= Inclusion of other fat sources

Question 18

Effect of reducing SFA in milk fat on total cholesterol

Answer 18

reduce plasma total chloestrol

Question 19

Milk and Cancers

Answer 19

Relative risk (95% CI) of colo-rectal cancer in high milk/dairy subgroup 
[Elwood, Givens et al., JACN 2008]

Prostate cancer-prospective studies of milk
and milk products
[ Gao et al. ,2005]