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Social Psychology > milgrams > Flashcards

milgrams Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the war trial which sparked his interest for the experiment

A

Adolf Eichmann’s

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2
Q

In what year did he begin his experiments

A

1961/63

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3
Q

What prestigious university did the experiment take place in

A

Yale

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4
Q

How did he recruit his participants and what kind of sample is this called

A

Newspaper article

Volunteer sampling

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5
Q

How many participants in his original study

A

40

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6
Q

What one of two roles where the participants accelerated and how where these decided

A

Student or teacher
“random” draw
which was actually a rigged draw

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7
Q

Who was Mr Wallace

A

Learner

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8
Q

Who was Jack Williams

A

Experimenter

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9
Q

Bullet point the stages of the procedure

A

1) Advertise for volunteers in news paper $4.00 travel fee
2) Random draw for who gets student or teacher role
3) The teacher (participant) has a sample electric shock of 45 volts
4) Teacher is given instructions of what to say to the learner
5) Teacher asks learner (confederate) a series of questions administering volts of 15 volt increments when incorrect

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10
Q

What percentage of participants went up to 300 volts

A

100%

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11
Q

What percentage of participants went up to 450 volts

A

65%

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12
Q

What voltage did the shocks start at and increased in increments of

A

15 volts

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13
Q

Give an example of a verbal prod used by the experimenter (Jack Williams)

A

“The experiment requires you to continue”

“You have no other choice but to continue”

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14
Q

What physical signs of discomfort did the participants show

A

nervous giggling
head in hands
sweating
trembling

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15
Q

Give two reasons why participants thought the experiment was real

A

Man in lab coat (insinuates medical expertise)

In a prestigious University

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16
Q

Describe two ways that the participants where deceived

A

1) Were not administering harmful electric shocks

2) They believed the learner to be another participant when in fact they were a confederate

17
Q

What is meant by external (ecological) validity and why does milligrams study lack it

A

The experiment is not realistic to the real world as it took place in a lab and people would not be asked to give electric shocks in real life in order to test obedience

18
Q

What debriefing did Milgram give to the participants

A
  • a thorough debrief was given
  • Milgram checked up on them a year later as many where deemed damaged afterwards
  • Psychological therapy was offered
  • They met Mr Wallis (learner) after the experiment was over
19
Q

Why was a thorough debrief so important

A

Because the participants where deceived
They did not give informed consent
Some where emotionally unfit after the experiment

20
Q

How many participants were glad that they participated

A

83.7%

21
Q

give a reason for and against deceit for milligrams experiment

A

for: study required that he deceived participants in order to get the results needed, thorough debrief
against: deceived p’s in many ways e.g they believed they where administering harmful shocks to innocent victims

22
Q

give reason for and against milligram’s experiment for informed consent

A

for: got consent for another experiment (learning) and got presumptive consent
volunteer sample gives consent
against: didn’t get informed consent giving them no information about the real study

23
Q

give reason for and against milligram’s experiment for competence

A

for: milgram was considered competent before according to other qualified researchers ensuring protection of participants
checked on them a year later
no one believed p’s would obey (1/1000 said they would)
against: p’s scared and showed physical signs of discomfort

24
Q

give reason for and against for right to withdraw in milligrams study

A

for: had right to withdraw as 65% did
where told before hand they could
against: verbal prods made it difficult “the experiment requires that you continue”
where payed

25
Q

reason for milligram’s experiment when debriefing

A

for: thorough debrief after and checked up on a year laster by psychiatrist (no harm)

26
Q

two features of milligrams study explaining why p’s obeyed

A

1) held at yale uni, prestigious so p’s thought researcher experts and trustworthy
2) p’s asked who’s responsible if learner harmed, showed visible relief when experimenter took responsibility

27
Q

reasons milligrams study was ethical

A

1) all p’s debriefed and aware learner safe (met mr Wallace)
2) p’s examined by psychiatrist a year after and found no harm
3) survey shows 83.7% glad they took part
4) no ethical problems as p’s not forced
5) volunteer sample=consent

28
Q

ethical issues with study

A

DECIEVED: believed learning and memory not obedience
thought Mr Wallace a naive p and getting shocks
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW: abused as told to continue
told at start but props made difficult to actively withdraw
INFORMED CONSENT: gave consent for a different experiment
not fully aware of what involved

29
Q

evaluate methodology of experiment

A
  • easy to replicate as in controlled setting
  • standardised instructions makes it easy to replicate >reliable
  • lacks ecological validity
  • prone to demand characteristics as guess nature of experiment although visible signs of discomfort
  • ethnocentric and androcentric
30
Q

How can findings from the study be applied to real life

A

applied to US military changing way they train recruits
ww11 soldiers obeyed authority of hitler killing innocent jews
children obey parents as have more knowledge/power

31
Q

aim of milligrams study

A

find out how far someone would go to obey authoritative figure
see if ordinary person follow orders even when breaking own moral code
to test if germans were different when carried out orders to persecute jews in ww11

32
Q

what is obedience

A

a form of social influence on attitudes, beliefs and behaviour of individual
change in behaviour due to social pressure
people of different social status (authoritative and not)
is to obey requests and demands of others

33
Q

give 4 reasons for dissent and give evidence from milligrams study

A

1) when there is confusion in the orders (2 experimenters at 110v one says to stop other to continue 100% stop)
2) when directly involved in punishment (hold hand down on shock, 30% obey)
3) when one giving orders is remote (over the phone, 22.5% obey or not at all)
4) not in setting that supports authority (rundown office block, 47.5%)

34
Q

what is dissent

A

resistance to obedience

35
Q

give four situational factors affecting obedience

A

status of authority
proximity
personal responsibly
momentum of compliance

36
Q

give four individual differences factors affecting obedience

A

culture
gender
personality: locus of control
personality: authoritarian

Social Psychology (13 decks)

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