Milgram's baseline study Flashcards
What was the aim of Milgram’s baseline study?
Aimed to understand the behaviour of those Germans who followed order to kill over 10 million people in the Holocaust. There was a belief that Germans were different.
How many ppts were in Milgram’s baseline study?
40 volunteer men ages 20-50 from New haven
How much were the ppts offered for participation in Milgram’s baseline study?
$4.50
How much did the voltage increase by on each switch in Milgram’s baseline study?
15v
What shock was given to the “teacher” to make them believe the shock was real in Milgram’s baseline study?
45v
What was the highest voltage of shock on the machine?
450v
At what shock did the learner pound on the wall in Milgram’s baseline study?
300v
After what voltage did the pounding stop in Milgram’s baseline study?
315v
How many verbal prods were there in Milgram’s baseline study?
4
What are some example of verbal prods in Milgram’s baseline study?
- Please continue/ Please go on
- The experiment requires you to continue
- It is absolutely essential that you continue
- You have no choice you must go on
What percentage of the sample went up to 450v in Milgram’s baseline study?
65%
How many ppts continued to 300v in Milgram’s baseline study?
100% although 12.5% of the sample had dropped out
How did a standerdised procedure mean that each ppt had the exact same experience in Milgram’s study?
The two confederate were always played by the same actors, the number and timing of the learner’s mistakes was the same for every ppt and the experimenter’s responses were supposedly tightly scripted for example the prods were delivered in the same order and tone of voice.
Important because means the study is replicable and has been tested successfully.
How did Milgram’s study have low internal validity?
Pptsmay have only obeyed because they did not believe that the shocks were real.
Orne and Holland argues that ppts behaved the way they did because they didnt really believe in the set up- ppts guessed it wasnt real electric shocks but went along with it anyway. Orne and Holland argued that the ppts must have found it odd that that the experimenter did not administer the learning task himself.
Perry supports this and ppts seem sus regarding the authenticity of the machine in the film footage
How does Tarnow apply Milgrams study to improve pilot training?
He describes how first officers often fail to monitor and challenge errors made by the captain due to his or her legitimate authority. He believes that training first officer in how to challenge the authourity of the pilot could prevent up to 20% of plane crashes
