Experiement 13: Ordinary man gives orders

Question 1

What happens in Experiement 13: Ordinary man gives orders?

Answer 1

The experimenter receives a fake phone call. He asks the confederate recorder to continue.

Question 2

How many people refused to obey the ordinary man?

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

In what way does Experiment 13: Ordinary man gives orders lack in internal validity?

Answer 3

Migram explains that the withdrawal of the experimenter from the laboratoty was awkward. Although the aim of this varitation was to see what happens when the orders come from somewon who has no legitimate authority, this was almost impssible to achieve.
Milgram says there were many traces of so-called “derived authority” as it was the experimenter who had initially describes the study and the idea of administering shocks.
This suggests that obedience may be even lower in situations where the person giving orders is completely unrelated to any authority figure or insituational context.