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Social Psychology > Milgram > Flashcards

Milgram Flashcards

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1
Q

Aim of Milgram

A

Understand German behaviour Holocaust
Test obedience to legitimate authority

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2
Q

Procedure of milgram

A

40 volunteers - American 20-50 yrs
Paid $4.50 + told to withdraw
Voltage increased in 15V each time until 450V
4 standardised prods
Teacher could leave after all prompts

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3
Q

What are the 3 roles of Milgram and explain

A

Experimenter - prodded participant
Learner - received shock + protested
Teacher - distributed shock

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4
Q

Name some prods

A

Please continue
The experiment requires you to continue
You have no choice but to continue

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5
Q

How many people administered to full 450V

A

65%

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6
Q

How many continued to 300V

A

100%

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7
Q

How many dropped out at 300V

A

12.5%

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8
Q

What did some learners do to show stress

A

Tremble
Sweat
Bite lips

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9
Q

How many teachers had nervous laughter

A

35%

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10
Q

Conclusions of Milgram

A

Ordinary Americans = surprisingly obedient
Some factors affect obedience - competence, reputation of researcher, idea of advancing science

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11
Q

Generalisability of Milgram

A

All male - cannot generalise to females
All American - cannot generalise to other cultures
Time locked in early 1960s

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12
Q

Reliability of Milgram

A

Replicated - 19 variations
Prescripted prods + recorded response remains the same

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13
Q

Application of Milgram

A

Obedience in schools
Authority figures should wear uniform

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14
Q

Validity of Milgram

A

Lacks ecological validity - artificial
People assumed it was episode of famous prank show

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15
Q

Ethics of Milgram

A

Well-being ignored
Deceived about shocks
Not give informed consent
Did debrief

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16
Q

First couplet of Milgram + obedience essay

A

AO1: only Caucasian males
DM: Therefore, this study suffers from
AO3: Ethnocentrism- only one ethnicity studied
EDM: Furthermore, cannot be generalised to other ethnicities, may differ in obedience

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17
Q

Second couplet of Milgram + obedience essay

A

AO3: lacks ecological validity
DM: because
AO1: learners prodded with electrical shock that increases in voltage
EDM: therefore artificial task that is not representative of real life situations
Cannot give true response on how people obey

18
Q

Third couplet on Milgram and obedience essay

A

AO3: Ethically challenged - not given right to withdraw
DM: this is supported by
AO1: prods “it is essential to continue”
Causes strsss - feel as if they cannot withdraw
EDM: however, at the start they can withdraw whenever and still get money

19
Q

Forth couplet on Milgram + obedience essay

A

AO1: 40 male volunteers
DM: consequently this study suffers from
AO3: gender bias + androcentrism - only one gender studied
EDM: this shows that, study cannot be generalised to female population - may differ in obedience

20
Q

Explain variation #7

A

Experimenter gives instructions and leaves teacher alone
If teachers have Qs they phone experimenter
Prods delivered over phone

21
Q

Results of variation #7

A

Significant drop in obedience down to 22.5%
Gave lower shocks than told to do

22
Q

Conclusion of variation #7

A

Physical presence is important for obedience

23
Q

Explain variation #10

A

Milgram moved study to a run down office in Bridgeport - so participants don’t link study to the uni

24
Q

Results of variation #10

A

Big drop obedience to 45.5%
Participants showed more doubts + asked more Qs
One said study is ‘heartless’

25
Q

Conclusion of variation #10

A

Setting is not as important

26
Q

Explain variation #13

A

20 participants
Mr Williams explains procedure and leaves
Did not tell teacher to increase shock at wrong answer
2nd confederate
Confederate suggest to take up voltage by 15V each wrong answer

27
Q

Results of variation #13

A

Only 20% went to 450V
16 rebel participants

28
Q

Conclusion to variation #13

A

Status of authority figure is important
Shock generator still creates obedience

29
Q

Explain procedure #13a

A

16 Rebel participants
Confederate swaps with participants - delivers shocks

30
Q

Results of variation #13a

A

All 16 protested
5 tried to unplug shock generator or restrain confederate
11 allowed confederate to go to 450V

31
Q

What is the autonomous state

A

Act on own behalf + take responsibility for actions

32
Q

What is the agentic shift

A

Switch between autonomous and agentic shift
When we perceive someone to be a legitimate source of authority and let them control our behaviour

33
Q

How does the shift from the agentic shift to the agentic state occur

A

Diffusion of responsibility to authority figure

34
Q

What is the agentic state

A

Carrying out orders from authority figure even if they conflict with our morals

35
Q

What happens if you experience moral strain

A

You are going through the agentic shift

36
Q

What happens if obey the order and pass into the agentic state

A

The responsibility is diffused onto the authority figure

37
Q

First couplet of agency theory + Milgram

A

Moral strain - goes against morals
This is supported by
35% had nervous laughter
This shows they felt uncomfortable + stressed

38
Q

Second couplet of agency theory + Milgram essay

A

Participants were in agentic state
This is supported by
65% going 450V
This shows they diffuse responsibility to authority figure

39
Q

Third couplet of agency theory + Milgram essay

A

Nazis in agentic state
This is supported by
Killed millions under Hitler’s orders
This implies they do not see themselves responsible - just following orders

40
Q

Fourth couplet of agency theory + Milgram essay

A

Diffusion of responsibility : agentic shift
This is supported by
Prods were given from figure in lab coat
Implies: authority figure + they feel as if they no longer have a choice so do not have a blame

Social Psychology (10 decks)

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