Ethical Issues Flashcards
What are the 4 ethical principles in the BPS ethical code
Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity
Define respect one of the ethical principes in BPS ethical code
Includes informed consent, confidentially, privacy and right to withdraw
Define competence one of the ethical principes in BPS ethical code
Includes awareness of professional ethics and making ethical decisions
Define responsibility as one of the ethical principes in BPS ethical code
Includes protection from psychological and physical harm and debriefing
Define integrity as one of the ethical principes in BPS ethical code
Includes honesty (avoiding deception) and addressing misconduct
What are the five ethical guidelines when using human participants
Competence
Consent
Debrief
Deception
Right to withdraw
Competence definition
Having qualifications and ability to carry out the study safely and ethically or asking someone else about it
Consent definition
Participants have to agree to take part and should be informed as far as possible so consent is informed.
For children - parents/ schools may have to give consent for them
Debrief definition
After a study a debrief is carried out to explain everything and this will cover the problem with obtaining uniformed consent.
The debrief should include explanation of the findings
Deception definition
Deception is related to uninformed consent because often a study requires deception.
Uninvolved people can be asked if they would mind being involved and from this the agreement of uninformed participants could be assumed (presumptive consent) – there are ways to ensure ethical practice even if there is deceit.
Right to withdraw definition
Participants should have the right to withdraw from the study at any time and must be told about it and reminded – also must be able to withdraw their results at end of study
What are the 5 ethical principles when using animals
Cost benefit consideration
Qualification
Non animal alternatives if possible
Discomfort
Equipped
Cost benefit consideration description
Cost-benefit analysis involves considering the costs of the study – including cost to animals compared with potential benefits from the findings. Important to consider how sound the findings are – if benefits outweigh the costs research can go ahead
Qualification description
Research must be suitably qualified and competent and must ensure those they supervise have appropriate skills. In UK researcher must have personal licence, be part of a licensed project and carry out the study in place specified on licence
Non animal alternatives if possible description
Research can only be done if alternatives using non-animal procedures have been sought
Discomfort description
Any stress or discomfort must be kept to a minimum
Equipped description
Premises must be suitably equipped like caging and there should be provision for anaesthetic procedures
Deception in Milgram
Not informed of true aim
Aim they were told: role of punishment on learning
Thought the learner was actually hurt
Informed consent in Milgram,
Did not have conformed consent as they did not know true aim
Right to withdraw in Milgram
Milgram gave all the right to withdraw at start and they could leave with money at any point
BUT when prods were given the immediacy and stress made them feel as if they could not withdraw
Debrief in Milgram
We’re debriefed and some referred for counselling
Competence in Milgram
Milgram had PHD and gave right to withdraw as well as counselling
1 year follow up glad to be part of study and no psychological harm caused
