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Child health > milestones + growth > Flashcards

milestones + growth Flashcards

1
Q

what is a developmental milestone

A

the key stage when a new skill is developed

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2
Q

whats the median age

A

the age at which 50% of the population achieve a skill

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3
Q

what is the limit age

A

age when a skill should be been required by 97.5% of children (2SD)

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4
Q

what things must be known to assess development

A

normal milestones
normal variations
developmental age vs chronological age

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5
Q

what are the areas of development (4)

A

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

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6
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 3 months

A

head control

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7
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 6 months

A

sitting balance

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8
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 9 months

A

crawling

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9
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 12 months

A

standing

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10
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 18 months

A

running

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11
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 24 months

A

stairs = 2 feet/tread

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12
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 36 months

A

stairs = alternate feet

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13
Q

what gross motor skill should be present by 48 months

A

hopping

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14
Q

what are the primal reflexes

A 
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
Moro = if head falls back, arms come forward 
Stepping and placing
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15
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 3 months

A

hand regard in midline

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16
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 6 months

A

grasps toy = palmar

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17
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 9 months

A

scissor grasp

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18
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 12 months

A

pincer grasp

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19
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 18 months

A

tower of 3-4 bricks

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20
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 24 months

A

tower of 6-7 bricks

scribble

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21
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 36 months

A

tower of 9 bricks

copies circle

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22
Q

what fine motor and vision skills should be present by 48 months

A

draws simple man

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23
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 3 months

A

vocalises

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24
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 6 months

A

babbles

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25
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 9 months

A

imitates sounds

26
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 12 months

A

knows name

27
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 18months

A

knows 2 body parts

knows 5-20 words

28
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 24 months

A

understands simple instructions

knows 50+ words

29
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 36 months

A

understands complex instructions

asks questions

30
Q

what hearing and language skills should be present by 48 months

A

can tell stories of experiences

31
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 6 weeks

A

social smile

32
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 3 months

A

pleasure on friendly handling

33
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 6 months

A

plays with feet

friendly with strangers

34
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 9 months

A

plays peek-a-boo

stanger awareness

35
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 12 months

A

drinks from cup

waves bye-bye

36
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 18 months

A

feeds with spoon

37
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 24 months

A

symbolic play

puts on some clothes

38
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 36 months

A

pretend interactive play

toilet trained

39
Q

what social behaviour and play skills should be present by 48 months

A

understands turn-taking

dresses fully

40
Q

what are the passes of child growth, what causes them

A 
infant = nutrient led 
child = growth hormone led 
pubertal = sex steroid led
41
Q

how far apart are centile lines spaces

A

2/3rd of SD

42
Q

what is a centile space

A

distance between 2 centile lines

43
Q

how should head circumference be measured

A

using a narrow plastic or disposable tape measure where head circumference is widest

44
Q

how should babies be weighed

A

without clothes or nappy (naked)

45
Q

how should children >2yrs be weighed

A

no shoes

vest and pants are ok (as are dolls or teddies)

46
Q

how should height be measured >2 yrs

A

using a rigid ruler with a T piece or stadiometer

ensure heels, bottoms, back and head are touching the wall with eyes and ears at 90 degrees

NO SHOES

47
Q

how do you plot a growth chart

A

record measurement and date in ink

plot in pencil using dots (DO NOT JOIN)

48
Q

what is the unit of measurement of age for 1st 6-12 months on a growth chart

A

weeks

49
Q

when is a point described as being on the centile

A

if the point plotted is on the centile line or within 1/4 of a space of the centile line

50
Q

when is a point described as between 2 centimes

A

if the point plotted is NOT on the centile line or within 1/4 of a space of the centile line

51
Q

if two measurement are both midway between centimes what can they be described as

A

a centile space apart

52
Q

what is the average age of onset of puberty in girls

A

11 yrs

53
Q

what is the average age of onset of puberty in

A

11yrs and 6 months

54
Q

what is true central precocious puberty, when does this occur in boys AND girls

A

is normal pubertal development occurring abnormally early:

<8 years for girls,
<9 years for boys.

55
Q

what is pubertal delay, when does this occur in boys AND girls

A

absence of secondary sexual development in a girl aged 13 or a boy aged 14 years.

56
Q

what is thelarche

A

breast budding

57
Q

what is adrenarche

A

body hair and odour

58
Q

what is menarche, when does it occur

A

the first period

2yrs post thelrache

59
Q

what investigations would you do if you suspected a growth problem

A 
bloods = gonadotrophins, GF, testestrone/oestrogen, thyroid
bone age
dynamic function tests
MRI brain 
US uterus
60
Q

what is genetic shot stature

A

healthy, well child who has inherited short stature from parents. No underlying endocrine abnormality and normal bone age.

61
Q

what is constitutional growth delay

A

late maturation causing short stature. Cause usually unknown.

Child health (5 decks)

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