Global health Flashcards
what are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality GLOBALLY
Preterm birth complications Pneumonia Intrapartum-related complications Diarrhoea Neonatal sepsis
what are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality in AFRICA
Diarrhoea Pneumonia Malaria Preterm birth complications Intrapartum-related complications
what is the definition of under 5 mortality rate
Probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 5
what is the definition of infant mortality rate
Probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 1
what is the definition of a live birth
Live birth = Any sign of life after birth irrespective of gestation
how can HIV be transmitted from mum to baby
pregnancy
delivery
breastfeeding
how can you prevent the transmission of HIV from mum to baby
Maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
Screen for and treat other STDs, especially herpes
Infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks
when should you test a child for HIV if the mum has it
at birth 6 wks 9 months 18months 6wks after cessation of breastfeeding
who should be offered counselling/testing with regards to HIV
ALL in countries with generalized HIV epidemics (prevalence over 1% in pregnant women)
ALL exposed infants at birth
Any infant child with any suspicion of HIV
what are the diagnostic tests of HIV
18 months of age: virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA
>18 months: serological rapid antibody test
how is HIV staged
Clinical staging = 1-4
Immunological staging = CD4 count
what is the treatment for HIV
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
what is Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
two NRTRIs + one NNRTI or protease inhibitor
what is a NRTRI, give an example
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
e.g. abacavir and lamivudine
what is a NNRTI, give an example
non-nucleosdie reverse transcriptase inhibitors
e.g. efavirenz
